Therapists in Ohio

View cities and counties in Ohio
Photo of Danielle Timmons, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ohio
Danielle Timmons
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Beachwood, OH 44122
Welcome. Perhaps you have arrived here feeling anxious, uncertain or curious about therapy. As a therapist, I'm here to help guide you through painful emotions and difficult experiences. I specialize in working with women struggling with depression, anxiety, shame, relationships and addiction. The vision you have of yourself leading a healthier, and happier life is possible. You are deserving and capable of creating a more fulfilling life.
Welcome. Perhaps you have arrived here feeling anxious, uncertain or curious about therapy. As a therapist, I'm here to help guide you through painful emotions and difficult experiences. I specialize in working with women struggling with depression, anxiety, shame, relationships and addiction. The vision you have of yourself leading a healthier, and happier life is possible. You are deserving and capable of creating a more fulfilling life.
(216) 208-5406 View (216) 208-5406
Photo of Jerilyn D Rogers, Licensed Professional Counselor in Ohio
Jerilyn D Rogers
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-CR, LICDC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Independence, OH 44131
As a therapist and Licensed Professional Counselor, I have spent more than 15 years assisting individuals with overcoming life challenges. My purpose is to inspire and support changes that lead to fulfillment and self-empowerment. Together we will work on emotional and mental health issues for an improved sense of well‐being, to alleviate feelings of distress and to resolve crises.
As a therapist and Licensed Professional Counselor, I have spent more than 15 years assisting individuals with overcoming life challenges. My purpose is to inspire and support changes that lead to fulfillment and self-empowerment. Together we will work on emotional and mental health issues for an improved sense of well‐being, to alleviate feelings of distress and to resolve crises.
(216) 446-6989 View (216) 446-6989
Photo of Yvonne A Pida, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ohio
Yvonne A Pida
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Beavercreek, OH 45431  (Online Only)
Accepting new clients for Telehealth, self pay. Are you or your teen struggling to navigate relationships, overcome adversities, stressed, depressed or need help adjusting to change? Using a strengths based perspective we can forge a path on which you feel heard and supported in who you are, where you belong, and build confidence in your ability to not just survive but thrive.
Accepting new clients for Telehealth, self pay. Are you or your teen struggling to navigate relationships, overcome adversities, stressed, depressed or need help adjusting to change? Using a strengths based perspective we can forge a path on which you feel heard and supported in who you are, where you belong, and build confidence in your ability to not just survive but thrive.
(937) 777-3743 View (937) 777-3743
Photo of Karen Kernberg Bardenstein, Psychologist in Ohio
Karen Kernberg Bardenstein
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
My specialties include childhood problems with toileting, sleep, emotional and behavioral adjustment and divorce. I work individually with adults and couples, particularly with relationship issues and divorce. I provide mediation/parenting coordination for high conflict parents. The impact of divorce and death on the family is particularly painful for children and for parents who are trying to navigate their own survival.
My specialties include childhood problems with toileting, sleep, emotional and behavioral adjustment and divorce. I work individually with adults and couples, particularly with relationship issues and divorce. I provide mediation/parenting coordination for high conflict parents. The impact of divorce and death on the family is particularly painful for children and for parents who are trying to navigate their own survival.
(216) 365-8658 View (216) 365-8658
Photo of A & R Behavioral Health, Inc, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ohio
A & R Behavioral Health, Inc
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, Regina , BSY, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43219
A & R Behavioral Health's primary mission is to provide a nonjudgmental open environment, with a deep and unique understanding of struggle and an attentive listening ear that can help our clients to be motivated to positive changes which will inspire them to find and live life within their purpose. We specialize in a variety of counseling services to include but not limited to couples, individual, and group counseling, grief, marriage, anxiety, depression, family, addiction, LGBTQ+ issues, behavioral and PTSD trauma therapy. All our therapists are skillful, knowledgeable, transparent, and compassionate.
A & R Behavioral Health's primary mission is to provide a nonjudgmental open environment, with a deep and unique understanding of struggle and an attentive listening ear that can help our clients to be motivated to positive changes which will inspire them to find and live life within their purpose. We specialize in a variety of counseling services to include but not limited to couples, individual, and group counseling, grief, marriage, anxiety, depression, family, addiction, LGBTQ+ issues, behavioral and PTSD trauma therapy. All our therapists are skillful, knowledgeable, transparent, and compassionate.
(614) 714-5289 View (614) 714-5289
Photo of Sarah Mediatore, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Ohio
Sarah Mediatore
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Delaware, OH 43015
Trauma symptoms can take many forms: a low hum of depression or depression that keeps you in bed for days, crippling anxiety, self-doubt, constant negative thinking, substance abuse, dysfunctional family relationships... or just a feeling of "lost", "hopeless", "stuck" or "worthless". The truth is that we are subject to trauma just by experiencing life that we weren't prepared for, and it can look like a lot of things: a change of jobs...a death in the family...COVID, or serious abuse. If you're looking for an alternative, holistic approach to healing trauma, please reach out.
Trauma symptoms can take many forms: a low hum of depression or depression that keeps you in bed for days, crippling anxiety, self-doubt, constant negative thinking, substance abuse, dysfunctional family relationships... or just a feeling of "lost", "hopeless", "stuck" or "worthless". The truth is that we are subject to trauma just by experiencing life that we weren't prepared for, and it can look like a lot of things: a change of jobs...a death in the family...COVID, or serious abuse. If you're looking for an alternative, holistic approach to healing trauma, please reach out.
(740) 276-2671 View (740) 276-2671
Photo of India Owen in Ohio
India Owen
LSW, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45202
I am currently accepting new clients. Please email to set up a consultation call or initial appointment. Over the years, my personal and work experience has influenced my passion for helping individuals foster healthy, fulfilling relationships and sex lives. I believe that sexuality is a significant part of a person’s life, and everyone has the right to safe and enjoyable sexual experiences. My work focuses on normalizing conversations around sexual health and wellbeing, repairing the mind-body connection, and healing interpersonal relationships.
I am currently accepting new clients. Please email to set up a consultation call or initial appointment. Over the years, my personal and work experience has influenced my passion for helping individuals foster healthy, fulfilling relationships and sex lives. I believe that sexuality is a significant part of a person’s life, and everyone has the right to safe and enjoyable sexual experiences. My work focuses on normalizing conversations around sexual health and wellbeing, repairing the mind-body connection, and healing interpersonal relationships.
(513) 957-3120 View (513) 957-3120
Photo of Rachel Gombash, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Ohio
Rachel Gombash
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MEd, LPCC
Verified Verified
Canton, OH 44718
Rachel Gombash (pronouns: she/her) is a licensed professional clinical counselor who works with children and adolescents. Her specialty interests are child and adolescent issues, grief, trauma, and positive parenting. Rachel is trained in evidence-based practices such as trauma-focused interventions, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and motivational interviewing (MI).
Rachel Gombash (pronouns: she/her) is a licensed professional clinical counselor who works with children and adolescents. Her specialty interests are child and adolescent issues, grief, trauma, and positive parenting. Rachel is trained in evidence-based practices such as trauma-focused interventions, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and motivational interviewing (MI).
(330) 915-2907 View (330) 915-2907
Photo of Shana Bentley, Counselor in Ohio
Shana Bentley
Counselor, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Perrysburg, OH 43551
Shana Bentley, LPCC-S graduated from Bowling Green State University with her M.A. in Mental Health Counseling in 2016. Shana has several years of experience in community mental health, college campus, and private practice settings. Her primary population is working with early childhood (ages 2-10), while also enjoying working with adolescents and college age populations. Shana has the ability to work with a wide range of issues, including mood disorders, behavioral concerns, and life transitions. She has special interest in working with those who experience anxiety or have gone through traumatic events.
Shana Bentley, LPCC-S graduated from Bowling Green State University with her M.A. in Mental Health Counseling in 2016. Shana has several years of experience in community mental health, college campus, and private practice settings. Her primary population is working with early childhood (ages 2-10), while also enjoying working with adolescents and college age populations. Shana has the ability to work with a wide range of issues, including mood disorders, behavioral concerns, and life transitions. She has special interest in working with those who experience anxiety or have gone through traumatic events.
(419) 495-8729 View (419) 495-8729
Photo of Amy Weller, Licensed Professional Counselor in Ohio
Amy Weller
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA , LPC
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43221
I am passionate about trauma, depression, anxiety, LGBQT concerns, personality disorders, and neurodivergence. An ideal client is an individual who has a growth mindset and explores their thoughts and feelings and how they impact their behavior. They may not understand how those thoughts derived from past experiences, but they are willing to open old wounds given the right tools. They feel safe and secure and want to heal through hard work and determination.
I am passionate about trauma, depression, anxiety, LGBQT concerns, personality disorders, and neurodivergence. An ideal client is an individual who has a growth mindset and explores their thoughts and feelings and how they impact their behavior. They may not understand how those thoughts derived from past experiences, but they are willing to open old wounds given the right tools. They feel safe and secure and want to heal through hard work and determination.
(380) 600-9214 View (380) 600-9214
Photo of Beth Mishkind Roth, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ohio
Beth Mishkind Roth
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSA, LISW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Beachwood, OH 44122
I specialize in evidenced-based treatments for children, adolescents, and families. My approach to treatment is heavily skill-based, goal oriented, and highly collaborative. I view the parents/guardians as experts in their child, and feel that together, we form a unified team. My practice includes: Anxiety, Adjustment Disorders, Depression, OCD, Parent-Child Conflict/Skill Development, Phobias, and Self-Esteem Enhancement. I also specialize in working with the siblings of children with special needs, including developmental disabilities and special healthcare needs, to address family dynamics and coping skills development.
I specialize in evidenced-based treatments for children, adolescents, and families. My approach to treatment is heavily skill-based, goal oriented, and highly collaborative. I view the parents/guardians as experts in their child, and feel that together, we form a unified team. My practice includes: Anxiety, Adjustment Disorders, Depression, OCD, Parent-Child Conflict/Skill Development, Phobias, and Self-Esteem Enhancement. I also specialize in working with the siblings of children with special needs, including developmental disabilities and special healthcare needs, to address family dynamics and coping skills development.
(216) 868-7258 View (216) 868-7258
Photo of Samantha Newham, Licensed Professional Counselor in Ohio
Samantha Newham
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Beavercreek, OH 45430
Life can be challenging and overwhelming and you might feel alone, I’m here to tell you you’re not! We will navigate anything and everything that may be causing you to not be living your life to the fullest. I am here to help find that again through different skills and techniques that we will go over.
Life can be challenging and overwhelming and you might feel alone, I’m here to tell you you’re not! We will navigate anything and everything that may be causing you to not be living your life to the fullest. I am here to help find that again through different skills and techniques that we will go over.
(937) 705-6040 View (937) 705-6040
Photo of Edward T Novak, LPCC, Counselor in Ohio
Edward T Novak, LPCC
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Akron, OH 44313
I am a certified psychoanalyst and I work exclusively with individuals wanting long-term treatment to address lifelong suffering usually due to abuse or trauma. I offer both contemporary psychoanalysis and embodied psychotherapy, as appropriate, to address mind, body, and emotional issues that continue impact your current life and relationships. This approach is designed to expand treatment beyond short-lived symptom relief into transforming the actual origins of your issues, symptoms, and daily suffering. You can learn more about me and the ways I practice by visiting my website: www.edwardnovak.com
I am a certified psychoanalyst and I work exclusively with individuals wanting long-term treatment to address lifelong suffering usually due to abuse or trauma. I offer both contemporary psychoanalysis and embodied psychotherapy, as appropriate, to address mind, body, and emotional issues that continue impact your current life and relationships. This approach is designed to expand treatment beyond short-lived symptom relief into transforming the actual origins of your issues, symptoms, and daily suffering. You can learn more about me and the ways I practice by visiting my website: www.edwardnovak.com
(330) 685-9391 View (330) 685-9391
Photo of Julia Green, Counselor in Ohio
Julia Green
Counselor, MA, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Westerville, OH 43081
You may be feeling lonely, overwhelmed, or scared for yourself, your marriage, or your family. It may seem like your life is falling apart or you or your loved ones are constantly walking on egg shells. Its getting more difficult to keep it together for appearances or maybe its already past that point. You've tried just about everything you can think of to make your situation better but nothing has worked and things are getting worse. You may be hanging on by a thread, but you are not ready to give up hope.
You may be feeling lonely, overwhelmed, or scared for yourself, your marriage, or your family. It may seem like your life is falling apart or you or your loved ones are constantly walking on egg shells. Its getting more difficult to keep it together for appearances or maybe its already past that point. You've tried just about everything you can think of to make your situation better but nothing has worked and things are getting worse. You may be hanging on by a thread, but you are not ready to give up hope.
(380) 207-1308 View (380) 207-1308
Photo of Ben Dickstein, Psychologist in Ohio
Ben Dickstein
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45202
Not accepting new clients
Hello! I'm Ben Dickstein, a psychologist in Downtown Cincinnati. I believe that disruptions in mental health make every aspect of our lives harder, and I'm dedicated to getting my clients relief in a nonjudgmental space that is tailored to them. If you're looking for the right therapeutic fit, I invite you to schedule a free consultation so that we can make introductions (a scheduling link is available on my website). I use the best, evidence-based treatments and believe that humor and self-disclosure serve important roles in therapy. I love to challenge my clients to push past their comfort zones and achieve their treatment goals.
Hello! I'm Ben Dickstein, a psychologist in Downtown Cincinnati. I believe that disruptions in mental health make every aspect of our lives harder, and I'm dedicated to getting my clients relief in a nonjudgmental space that is tailored to them. If you're looking for the right therapeutic fit, I invite you to schedule a free consultation so that we can make introductions (a scheduling link is available on my website). I use the best, evidence-based treatments and believe that humor and self-disclosure serve important roles in therapy. I love to challenge my clients to push past their comfort zones and achieve their treatment goals.
(513) 434-6929 View (513) 434-6929
Photo of Kindred Harbor Behavioral Health, LLC., Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ohio
Kindred Harbor Behavioral Health, LLC.
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, JD, LISW, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44134
Not accepting new clients
**We accept new clients from anywhere in Ohio for tele-health sessions**Asking for help with mental wellness or addiction issues takes courage. Remember that seeking support during difficult times is actually a sign of strength. It's also a step toward improving your mental and emotional well-being. You've already taken the first step because you are here reading this right now! I have over ten years of experience with people facing mental wellness and addictions challenges. Our goal is to support you as you heal from your pain, overcome any obstacles, and move forward to the life you deserve.
**We accept new clients from anywhere in Ohio for tele-health sessions**Asking for help with mental wellness or addiction issues takes courage. Remember that seeking support during difficult times is actually a sign of strength. It's also a step toward improving your mental and emotional well-being. You've already taken the first step because you are here reading this right now! I have over ten years of experience with people facing mental wellness and addictions challenges. Our goal is to support you as you heal from your pain, overcome any obstacles, and move forward to the life you deserve.
(216) 859-1912 View (216) 859-1912
Photo of Dr. Dru Garcia, Psychologist in Ohio
Dr. Dru Garcia
Psychologist, PhD, MBA
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43240
My specialties include clinical neuropsychology and psychology testing and diagnoses of neurocognitive and mental disorders. Specifically, I assess and evaluate Traumatic Brain Injury, all types of dementias (Alzheimer’s, Vascular, Parkinson’s, LBD, FTD, Huntington’s, mixed, etc.), as well as ADHD, Intellectual and Learning Disabilities, Mood disorders, Anxiety disorders, Cognitive disorders and others.
My specialties include clinical neuropsychology and psychology testing and diagnoses of neurocognitive and mental disorders. Specifically, I assess and evaluate Traumatic Brain Injury, all types of dementias (Alzheimer’s, Vascular, Parkinson’s, LBD, FTD, Huntington’s, mixed, etc.), as well as ADHD, Intellectual and Learning Disabilities, Mood disorders, Anxiety disorders, Cognitive disorders and others.
(380) 600-9281 View (380) 600-9281
Photo of Kaitlyn Mowery, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ohio
Kaitlyn Mowery
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43230
I received my undergraduate degree in Social Work from Bowling Green State University and Masters of Social Work degree from The Ohio State University. I have experience working in community mental health, acute care and foster care settings while treating a wide variety of diagnoses including Anxiety, Depression, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Postpartum Depression. I also have experience working with clients who maybe struggling with stress, trauma, career issues, life transitions and self-esteem issues.
I received my undergraduate degree in Social Work from Bowling Green State University and Masters of Social Work degree from The Ohio State University. I have experience working in community mental health, acute care and foster care settings while treating a wide variety of diagnoses including Anxiety, Depression, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Postpartum Depression. I also have experience working with clients who maybe struggling with stress, trauma, career issues, life transitions and self-esteem issues.
(614) 656-7025 View (614) 656-7025
Photo of Angela Pachana, Psychologist in Ohio
Angela Pachana
Psychologist, PsyS
Verified Verified
Powell, OH 43065
Ms. Pachana has experience working with all ages (preschool through adolescent), with particular experience working with elementary-aged children. She has a diverse background working with children with autism, anxiety, mood disorders, behavioral disorders, trauma, ADHD, dyslexia, and learning disabilities. Ms. Pachana believes in the importance of developing a strong relationship with children and providing counseling and intervention through the use of hands-on activities and play. She also provides parents and educators with specific tools needed to help children in their everyday lives at home and at school.
Ms. Pachana has experience working with all ages (preschool through adolescent), with particular experience working with elementary-aged children. She has a diverse background working with children with autism, anxiety, mood disorders, behavioral disorders, trauma, ADHD, dyslexia, and learning disabilities. Ms. Pachana believes in the importance of developing a strong relationship with children and providing counseling and intervention through the use of hands-on activities and play. She also provides parents and educators with specific tools needed to help children in their everyday lives at home and at school.
(740) 495-6041 View (740) 495-6041
Photo of Jacqueline Johnson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ohio
Jacqueline Johnson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43215
Not accepting new clients
Anxiety, stress, depression, interpersonal conflicts, and grief can rule our lives; leaving us exhausted, hopeless, broken, and trapped. I am here to tell you that you are not broken, there is hope, and you are worthy of love. You deserve to live a life that leaves you excited to wake up every morning. I am passionate about helping my clients achieve personal growth and healing, using a strengths-based and collaborative approach. Attending counseling can be an intimidating step, and it takes a great deal of courage to open-up to someone. I promise to be compassionate, non-judgmental, and committed to helping you reach your goals.
Anxiety, stress, depression, interpersonal conflicts, and grief can rule our lives; leaving us exhausted, hopeless, broken, and trapped. I am here to tell you that you are not broken, there is hope, and you are worthy of love. You deserve to live a life that leaves you excited to wake up every morning. I am passionate about helping my clients achieve personal growth and healing, using a strengths-based and collaborative approach. Attending counseling can be an intimidating step, and it takes a great deal of courage to open-up to someone. I promise to be compassionate, non-judgmental, and committed to helping you reach your goals.
(234) 206-2293 View (234) 206-2293

How does your Therapist compare?

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Ohio who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
88% Depression
72% Trauma and PTSD
71% Self Esteem
70% Relationship Issues
66% Coping Skills
65% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Aetna
73% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
67% Anthem | Elevance

How Therapists in Ohio see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Ohio?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.