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  2. Constituent (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituent_(linguistics)

    Constituent (linguistics) In syntactic analysis, a constituent is a word or a group of words that function as a single unit within a hierarchical structure. The constituent structure of sentences is identified using tests for constituents. [1] These tests apply to a portion of a sentence, and the results provide evidence about the constituent ...

  3. Affirmation and negation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmation_and_negation

    Affirmation and negation. In linguistics and grammar, affirmation ( abbreviated AFF) and negation ( NEG) are ways in which grammar encodes positive and negative polarity into verb phrases, clauses, or other utterances. An affirmative (positive) form is used to express the validity or truth of a basic assertion, while a negative form expresses ...

  4. Parallel text - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_text

    Its discovery was key to deciphering the Ancient Egyptian language. A parallel text is a text placed alongside its translation or translations. [1] [2] Parallel text alignment is the identification of the corresponding sentences in both halves of the parallel text. The Loeb Classical Library and the Clay Sanskrit Library are two examples of ...

  5. Proposition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposition

    Proposition. A proposition is a central concept in the philosophy of language, semantics, logic, and related fields, often characterized as the primary bearer of truth or falsity. Propositions are also often characterized as being the kind of thing that declarative sentences denote. For instance the sentence "The sky is blue" denotes the ...

  6. Clause - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clause

    a. the idea that we should alter the law – Argument clause that provides the content of a noun (i.e. content clause) b. the idea that came up – Adjunct clause (relative clause) that modifies a noun. The content clauses like these in the a-sentences are arguments.

  7. X-bar theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-bar_theory

    Linguistics. In linguistics, X-bar theory is a model of phrase-structure grammar and a theory of syntactic category formation [1] that was first proposed by Noam Chomsky in 1970 [2] reformulating the ideas of Zellig Harris (1951 [3] ), and further developed by Ray Jackendoff (1974, [4] 1977a, [5] 1977b [6] ), along the lines of the theory of ...

  8. Part-of-speech tagging - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Part-of-speech_tagging

    Part-of-speech tagging. In corpus linguistics, part-of-speech tagging ( POS tagging or PoS tagging or POST ), also called grammatical tagging is the process of marking up a word in a text (corpus) as corresponding to a particular part of speech, [1] based on both its definition and its context . A simplified form of this is commonly taught to ...

  9. Verb phrase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verb_phrase

    Verb phrase. In linguistics, a verb phrase ( VP) is a syntactic unit composed of a verb and its arguments except the subject of an independent clause or coordinate clause. Thus, in the sentence A fat man quickly put the money into the box, the words quickly put the money into the box constitute a verb phrase; it consists of the verb put and its ...

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