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Relative change. In any quantitative science, the terms relative change and relative difference are used to compare two quantities while taking into account the "sizes" of the things being compared, i.e. dividing by a standard or reference or starting value. [1] The comparison is expressed as a ratio and is a unitless number.
Percentile ranks are not on an equal-interval scale; that is, the difference between any two scores is not the same as between any other two scores whose difference in percentile ranks is the same. For example, 50 − 25 = 25 is not the same distance as 60 − 35 = 25 because of the bell-curve shape of the distribution. Some percentile ranks ...
The inaccuracy in Excel calculations is more complicated than errors due to a precision of 15 significant figures. Excel's storage of numbers in binary format also affects its accuracy. [3] To illustrate, the lower figure tabulates the simple addition 1 + x − 1 for several values of x. All the values of x begin at the 15 th decimal, so Excel ...
In statistics, explained variation measures the proportion to which a mathematical model accounts for the variation ( dispersion) of a given data set. Often, variation is quantified as variance; then, the more specific term explained variance can be used. The complementary part of the total variation is called unexplained or residual variation ...
Strictly standardized mean difference. In statistics, the strictly standardized mean difference (SSMD) is a measure of effect size. It is the mean divided by the standard deviation of a difference between two random values each from one of two groups. It was initially proposed for quality control [1] and hit selection [2] in high-throughput ...
The first row shows the possible p-values as a function of the number of blue and red dots in the sample. Although the 30 samples were all simulated under the null, one of the resulting p-values is small enough to produce a false rejection at the typical level 0.05 in the absence of correction.
The risk difference (RD), excess risk, or attributable risk [1] is the difference between the risk of an outcome in the exposed group and the unexposed group. It is computed as , where is the incidence in the exposed group, and is the incidence in the unexposed group. If the risk of an outcome is increased by the exposure, the term absolute ...
Percentage point. A percentage point or percent point is the unit for the arithmetic difference between two percentages. For example, moving up from 40 percent to 44 percent is an increase of 4 percentage points (although it is a 10-percent increase in the quantity being measured, if the total amount remains the same). [1]