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2. Omnidirectional antenna - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omnidirectional_antenna

   Whip antenna on a walkie-talkie. In radio communication, an omnidirectional antenna is a class of antenna which radiates equal radio power in all directions perpendicular to an axis ( azimuthal directions), with power varying with angle to the axis ( elevation angle ), declining to zero on the axis. [1] [2] When graphed in three dimensions (see ...

3. Antenna types - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_types

   In radio systems, many different antenna types are used whose properties are especially crafted for particular applications. Most often, the greatest effect is due to the size of the radio waves the antenna is to intercept or produce; one competing second effect is differences in optimization for receiving and for transmitting; another competing influence is the number and bandwidth of the ...

4. Antenna diversity - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_diversity

   Antenna diversity. Antenna diversity, also known as space diversity or spatial diversity, is any one of several wireless diversity schemes that uses two or more antennas to improve the quality and reliability of a wireless link. Often, especially in urban and indoor environments, there is no clear line-of-sight (LOS) between transmitter and ...

5. Whip antenna - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whip_antenna

   Whip antenna on car. A whip antenna is an antenna consisting of a straight flexible wire or rod. The bottom end of the whip is connected to the radio receiver or transmitter. A whip antenna is a form of monopole antenna. The antenna is designed to be flexible so that it does not break easily, and the name is derived from the whip -like motion ...

6. Fractal antenna - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractal_antenna

   A fractal antenna is an antenna that uses a fractal, self-similar design to maximize the effective length, or increase the perimeter (on inside sections or the outer structure), of material that can receive or transmit electromagnetic radiation within a given total surface area or volume. Such fractal antennas are also referred to as multilevel ...

7. MIMO - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMO

   MIMO has become an essential element of wireless communication standards including IEEE 802.11n (Wi-Fi 4), IEEE 802.11ac (Wi-Fi 5), HSPA+ (3G), WiMAX, and Long Term Evolution (LTE). More recently, MIMO has been applied to power-line communication for three-wire installations as part of the ITU G.hn standard and of the HomePlug AV2 specification.