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Elementary function. In mathematics, an elementary function is a function of a single variable (typically real or complex) that is defined as taking sums, products, roots and compositions of finitely many polynomial, rational, trigonometric, hyperbolic, and exponential functions, including possibly their inverse functions (e.g., arcsin, log, or ...
Radioactive decay (also known as nuclear decay, radioactivity, radioactive disintegration, or nuclear disintegration) is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by radiation. A material containing unstable nuclei is considered radioactive. Three of the most common types of decay are alpha, beta, and gamma decay.
Exponential may refer to any of several mathematical topics related to exponentiation, including: Exponential function, also: Matrix exponential, the matrix analogue to the above. Exponential decay, decrease at a rate proportional to value. Exponential discounting, a specific form of the discount function, used in the analysis of choice over time.
A sigmoid function is any mathematical function whose graph has a characteristic S-shaped or sigmoid curve . A common example of a sigmoid function is the logistic function shown in the first figure and defined by the formula: [1] Other standard sigmoid functions are given in the Examples section. In some fields, most notably in the context of ...
The growth function, also called the shatter coefficient or the shattering number, measures the richness of a set family or class of function. It is especially used in the context of statistical learning theory, where it is used to study properties of statistical learning methods. The term 'growth function' was coined by Vapnik and Chervonenkis ...
Definitions. For real non-zero values of x, the exponential integral Ei ( x) is defined as. The Risch algorithm shows that Ei is not an elementary function. The definition above can be used for positive values of x, but the integral has to be understood in terms of the Cauchy principal value due to the singularity of the integrand at zero. For ...
Common logarithm. A graph of the common logarithm of numbers from 0.1 to 100. In mathematics, the common logarithm is the logarithm with base 10. [1] It is also known as the decadic logarithm and as the decimal logarithm, named after its base, or Briggsian logarithm, after Henry Briggs, an English mathematician who pioneered its use, as well as ...
A Malthusian growth model, sometimes called a simple exponential growth model, is essentially exponential growth based on the idea of the function being proportional to the speed to which the function grows. The model is named after Thomas Robert Malthus, who wrote An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798), one of the earliest and most ...