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  2. Testing effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testing_effect

    First, only the question is displayed. Then the answer is displayed too, for verification. The testing effect (also known as retrieval practice, active recall, practice testing, or test-enhanced learning) [1] [2] [3] suggests long-term memory is increased when part of the learning period is devoted to retrieving information from memory. [4]

  3. Theory of mind - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_mind

    Definition. The "theory of mind" is described as a theory, because the behavior of the other person, such as their statements and expressions, is the only thing being directly observed; no one has direct access to the mind of another, and the existence and nature of the mind must be inferred.

  4. Classical test theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_test_theory

    Classical test theory. Classical test theory (CTT) is a body of related psychometric theory that predicts outcomes of psychological testing such as the difficulty of items or the ability of test-takers. It is a theory of testing based on the idea that a person's observed or obtained score on a test is the sum of a true score (error-free score ...

  5. Psychoanalytic theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoanalytic_theory

    Psychoanalytic theory. Psychoanalytic theory is the theory of personality organization and the dynamics of personality development relating to the practice of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology. First laid out by Sigmund Freud in the late 19th century (particularly in his 1899 book The Interpretation of Dreams ...

  6. Id, ego and superego - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Id,_ego_and_superego

    In the ego psychology model of the psyche, the id is the set of uncoordinated instinctual desires; the superego plays the critical and moralizing role; and the ego is the organized, realistic agent that mediates between the instinctual desires of the id and the critical superego; Freud compared the ego (in its relation to the id) to a man on ...

  7. Attribution (psychology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attribution_(psychology)

    Attribution (psychology) Attribution is a term used in psychology which deals with how individuals perceive the causes of everyday experience, as being either external or internal. Models to explain this process are called Attribution theory. [1]

  8. Trait theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trait_theory

    Psychology. In psychology, trait theory (also called dispositional theory) is an approach to the study of human personality. Trait theorists are primarily interested in the measurement of traits, which can be defined as habitual patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion. [1] According to this perspective, traits are aspects of personality that ...

  9. Gestalt psychology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestalt_psychology

    In Gestalt theory, information is perceived as wholes rather than disparate parts which are then processed summatively. As used in Gestalt psychology, the German word Gestalt ( / ɡəˈʃtælt, - ˈʃtɑːlt / gə-SHTA (H)LT, [4] [5] German: [ɡəˈʃtalt] ⓘ; meaning "form" [6]) is interpreted as "pattern" or "configuration". [7]