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Figure 1. Finding the shortest path in a graph using optimal substructure; a straight line indicates a single edge; a wavy line indicates a shortest path between the two vertices it connects (among other paths, not shown, sharing the same two vertices); the bold line is the overall shortest path from start to goal.
Structured programming. Structured programming is a programming paradigm aimed at improving the clarity, quality, and development time of a computer program by making extensive use of the structured control flow constructs of selection (if/then/else) and repetition (while and for), block structures, and subroutines.
Algorithm. In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm (/ ˈælɡərɪðəm / ⓘ) is a finite sequence of mathematically rigorous instructions, typically used to solve a class of specific problems or to perform a computation. [1] Algorithms are used as specifications for performing calculations and data processing.
Karmarkar's algorithm is an algorithm introduced by Narendra Karmarkar in 1984 for solving linear programming problems. It was the first reasonably efficient algorithm that solves these problems in polynomial time. The ellipsoid method is also polynomial time but proved to be inefficient in practice. Denoting by the number of variables, m the ...
Dinic's algorithm: is a strongly polynomial algorithm for computing the maximum flow in a flow network. Edmonds–Karp algorithm: implementation of Ford–Fulkerson. Ford–Fulkerson algorithm: computes the maximum flow in a graph. Karger's algorithm: a Monte Carlo method to compute the minimum cut of a connected graph.
Shor proposed multiple similar algorithms for solving the factoring problem, the discrete logarithm problem, and the period-finding problem. "Shor's algorithm" usually refers to the factoring algorithm, but may refer to any of the three algorithms. The discrete logarithm algorithm and the factoring algorithm are instances of the period-finding ...
The Floyd–Warshall algorithm is an example of dynamic programming, and was published in its currently recognized form by Robert Floyd in 1962. [3] However, it is essentially the same as algorithms previously published by Bernard Roy in 1959 [4] and also by Stephen Warshall in 1962 [5] for finding the transitive closure of a graph, [6] and is closely related to Kleene's algorithm (published ...
Python is a multi-paradigm programming language. Object-oriented programming and structured programming are fully supported, and many of their features support functional programming and aspect-oriented programming (including metaprogramming [70] and metaobjects). [71] Many other paradigms are supported via extensions, including design by ...