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A man with pellagra, which is caused by a chronic lack of vitamin B 3 in the diet. Severe deficiency of niacin in the diet causes the disease pellagra, characterized by diarrhea, sun-sensitive dermatitis involving hyperpigmentation and thickening of the skin (see image), inflammation of the mouth and tongue, delirium, dementia, and if left untreated, death. [6]
Olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) is the degeneration of neurons in specific areas of the brain – the cerebellum, pons, and inferior olivary nucleus. [2] OPCA is present in several neurodegenerative syndromes, including inherited and non-inherited forms of ataxia (such as the hereditary spinocerebellar ataxia known as Machado–Joseph disease) and multiple system atrophy (MSA), with which ...
The late onset of Huntington's disease means it does not usually affect reproduction. [26] The worldwide prevalence of HD is 5–10 cases per 100,000 persons, [ 100 ] [ 101 ] but varies greatly geographically as a result of ethnicity, local migration and past immigration patterns. [ 26 ]
Research shows that infections and exposure to toxins such as HIV [64] and streptococcus cause dementia. [65] This HIV infection that makes its way to the brain is called encephalopathy which spreads itself through the brain leading to dementia. [64] The infections or toxins that trigger a change in the brain chemistry can develop into a mental ...
Geriatrics, or geriatric medicine, [1] is a medical specialty focused on providing care for the unique health needs of the elderly. [2] The term geriatrics originates from the Greek γέρων geron meaning "old man", and ιατρός iatros meaning "healer".
Even though most of the existing studies focused on older age groups, younger adults can develop pseudodementia if they have depression. While aging does affect the cognition and brain function and making it hard to distinguish depressive cognitive disorder from actual dementia, there are differential diagnostic screenings available. [4]
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