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2. Passphrase - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passphrase

   Passphrase. A passphrase is a sequence of words or other text used to control access to a computer system, program or data. It is similar to a password in usage, but a passphrase is generally longer for added security. Passphrases are often used to control both access to, and the operation of, cryptographic programs and systems, especially ...

3. Pre-shared key - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-shared_key

   Pre-shared key. In cryptography, a pre-shared key (PSK) is a shared secret which was previously shared between the two parties using some secure channel before it needs to be used. [1]

4. PBKDF2 - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBKDF2

   PBKDF2 applies a pseudorandom function, such as hash-based message authentication code (HMAC), to the input password or passphrase along with a salt value and repeats the process many times to produce a derived key, which can then be used as a cryptographic key in subsequent operations. The added computational work makes password cracking much ...

5. Diceware - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diceware

   Diceware. Diceware is a method for creating passphrases, passwords, and other cryptographic variables using ordinary dice as a hardware random number generator. For each word in the passphrase, five rolls of a six-sided die are required. The numbers from 1 to 6 that come up in the rolls are assembled as a five-digit number, e.g. 43146.

6. Wi-Fi Protected Access - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi_Protected_Access

   WPA-Personal and WPA2-Personal remain vulnerable to password cracking attacks if users rely on a weak password or passphrase. WPA passphrase hashes are seeded from the SSID name and its length; rainbow tables exist for the top 1,000 network SSIDs and a multitude of common passwords, requiring only a quick lookup to speed up cracking WPA-PSK. [37]

7. Key derivation function - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_derivation_function

   In cryptography, a key derivation function (KDF) is a cryptographic algorithm that derives one or more secret keys from a secret value such as a master key, a password, or a passphrase using a pseudorandom function (which typically uses a cryptographic hash function or block cipher). [1][2][3] KDFs can be used to stretch keys into longer keys ...

8. Key stretching - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_stretching

   Key stretching. In cryptography, key stretching techniques are used to make a possibly weak key, typically a password or passphrase, more secure against a brute-force attack by increasing the resources (time and possibly space) it takes to test each possible key. Passwords or passphrases created by humans are often short or predictable enough ...

9. ssh-keygen - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ssh-keygen

   ssh-keygen is able to generate a key using one of three different digital signature algorithms. With the help of the ssh-keygen tool, a user can create passphrase keys for any of these key types. To provide for unattended operation, the passphrase can be left empty, albeit at increased risk. These keys differ from keys used by the related tool ...