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The salt is typically a random value. The bcrypt function uses these inputs to compute a 24-byte (192-bit) hash. The final output of the bcrypt function is a string of the form: $2<a/b/x/y>$[cost]$[22 character salt][31 character hash] For example, with input password abc123xyz, cost 12, and a random salt, the output of bcrypt is the string.
data encryption key (DEK) used to encrypt the underlying data. derived key - keys computed by applying a predetermined hash algorithm or key derivation function to a password or, better, a passphrase. DRM key - A key used in digital rights management to protect media. electronic key - (NSA) key that is distributed in electronic (as opposed to ...
Authenticated Encryption (AE) is an encryption scheme which simultaneously assures the data confidentiality (also known as privacy: the encrypted message is impossible to understand without the knowledge of a secret key [1]) and authenticity (in other words, it is unforgeable: [2] the encrypted message includes an authentication tag that the sender can calculate only while possessing the ...
The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), also known by its original name Rijndael (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈrɛindaːl]), [ 5 ] is a specification for the encryption of electronic data established by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2001. [ 6 ]
Email encryption is encryption of email messages to protect the content from being read by entities other than the intended recipients. Email encryption may also include authentication. Email is prone to the disclosure of information. Most emails are encrypted during transmission, but they are stored in clear text, making them readable by third ...
Proton Mail (previously written as ProtonMail) is a Swiss end-to-end encrypted email service founded in 2013 headquartered in Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland. [7] It uses client-side encryption to protect email content and user data before they are sent to Proton Mail servers, unlike other common email providers such as Gmail and Outlook.com. [8]
AES-JS – portable JavaScript implementation of AES ECB and CTR modes. Forge – JavaScript implementations of AES in CBC, CTR, OFB, CFB, and GCM modes. asmCrypto – JavaScript implementation of popular cryptographic utilities with focus on performance. Supports CBC, CFB, CCM modes. pidCrypt – open source JavaScript library.
PBKDF2 applies a pseudorandom function, such as hash-based message authentication code (HMAC), to the input password or passphrase along with a salt value and repeats the process many times to produce a derived key, which can then be used as a cryptographic key in subsequent operations. The added computational work makes password cracking much ...