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Coulomb's inverse-square law, or simply Coulomb's law, is an experimental law [1] of physics that calculates the amount of force between two electrically charged particles at rest. This electric force is conventionally called the electrostatic force or Coulomb force. [2] Although the law was known earlier, it was first published in 1785 by ...
Value in joules per kelvin: 1.380 649 × 10−23 J⋅K−1 [1] The Boltzmann constant ( kB or k) is the proportionality factor that relates the average relative thermal energy of particles in a gas with the thermodynamic temperature of the gas. [2] It occurs in the definitions of the kelvin (K) and the gas constant, and in Planck's law of black ...
In physics, Hooke's law is an empirical law which states that the force (F) needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance (x) scales linearly with respect to that distance—that is, F s = kx, where k is a constant factor characteristic of the spring (i.e., its stiffness), and x is small compared to the total possible deformation of the spring.
The multiplication factor, k, is defined as (see nuclear chain reaction): k = number of neutrons in one generation / number of neutrons in preceding generation. If k is greater than 1, the chain reaction is supercritical, and the neutron population will grow exponentially.
kT (energy) kT. (energy) kT (also written as kBT) is the product of the Boltzmann constant, k (or kB ), and the temperature, T. This product is used in physics as a scale factor for energy values in molecular -scale systems (sometimes it is used as a unit of energy), as the rates and frequencies of many processes and phenomena depend not on ...
The four-factor formula, also known as Fermi's four factor formula is used in nuclear engineering to determine the multiplication of a nuclear chain reaction in an infinite medium. Four-factor formula: . [1] The symbols are defined as: [3] , and are the average number of neutrons produced per fission in the medium (2.43 for uranium-235 ).
Calculations. The stiffness, of a body is a measure of the resistance offered by an elastic body to deformation. For an elastic body with a single degree of freedom (DOF) (for example, stretching or compression of a rod), the stiffness is defined as. where, F {\displaystyle F} is the force on the body. δ {\displaystyle \delta }
Most commonly, the quantity measures the exponential decay of intensity, that is, the value of downward e-folding distance of the original intensity as the energy of the intensity passes through a unit (e.g. one meter) thickness of material, so that an attenuation coefficient of 1 m −1 means that after passing through 1 metre, the radiation ...