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Theory. A theory is a rational type of abstract thinking about a phenomenon, or the results of such thinking. The process of contemplative and rational thinking is often associated with such processes as observational study or research. Theories may be scientific, belong to a non-scientific discipline, or no discipline at all.
A scientific theory is an explanation of an aspect of the natural world and universe that can be (or a fortiori, that has been) repeatedly tested and corroborated in accordance with the scientific method, using accepted protocols of observation, measurement, and evaluation of results. Where possible, some theories are tested under controlled ...
Epistemology ( / ɪˌpɪstəˈmɒlədʒi / ⓘ ih-PISS-tə-MOL-ə-jee; from Ancient Greek ἐπιστήμη (epistḗmē) 'knowledge', and -logy) is the branch of philosophy concerned with knowledge. Epistemologists study the nature, origin, and scope of knowledge, epistemic justification, the rationality of belief, and various related issues.
A theory of mind includes the knowledge that others' beliefs, desires, intentions, emotions, and thoughts may be different from one's own. [1] Possessing a functional theory of mind is crucial for success in everyday human social interactions. People utilize a theory of mind when analyzing, judging, and inferring others' behaviors.
A referential theory of meaning (also called direct reference theory [1] or referential realism) [2] is a theory of language that claims that the meaning of a word or expression lies in what it points out in the world. [3] Ex , The word tree may have an exterior meaning from the one always intended , that is , tree can be translated into ...
Philosophical theory. A philosophical theory or philosophical position [1] is a view that attempts to explain or account for a particular problem in philosophy. [citation needed] The use of the term "theory" is a statement of colloquial English and not a technical term. [2] While any sort of thesis or opinion may be termed a position, in ...
Theory-theory. The theory-theory (or 'theory theory ') is a scientific theory relating to the human development of understanding about the outside world. [1] This theory asserts that individuals hold a basic or 'naïve' theory of psychology ("folk psychology") to infer the mental states of others, [1] such as their beliefs, desires or emotions ...
Argumentation theory is the interdisciplinary study of how conclusions can be supported or undermined by premises through logical reasoning. With historical origins in logic , dialectic , and rhetoric , argumentation theory includes the arts and sciences of civil debate, dialogue , conversation , and persuasion .