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2. KeePass - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KeePass

   The password list is saved by default as a .kdbx file, but it can be exported to .txt, HTML, XML and CSV. [15] The XML output can be used in other applications and re-imported into KeePass using a plugin. The CSV output is compatible with many other password safes like the commercial closed-source Password Keeper and the closed-source Password ...

3. Random number generation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_number_generation

   Dice are an example of a mechanical hardware random number generator. When a cubical die is rolled, a random number from 1 to 6 is obtained. Random number generation is a process by which, often by means of a random number generator (RNG), a sequence of numbers or symbols that cannot be reasonably predicted better than by random chance is generated.

4. XOR cipher - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XOR_cipher

   If the key is random and is at least as long as the message, the XOR cipher is much more secure than when there is key repetition within a message. [4] When the keystream is generated by a pseudo-random number generator, the result is a stream cipher. With a key that is truly random, the result is a one-time pad, which is unbreakable in theory.

5. Cryptographic hash function - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_hash_function

   Passwords may still be retrieved by an attacker from the hashes, because most people choose passwords in predictable ways. Lists of common passwords are widely circulated and many passwords are short enough that even all possible combinations may be tested if calculation of the hash does not take too much time. [29]

6. HMAC-based one-time password - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMAC-based_one-time_password

   HMAC-based one-time password (HOTP) is a one-time password (OTP) algorithm based on HMAC. It is a cornerstone of the Initiative for Open Authentication (OATH). HOTP was published as an informational IETF RFC 4226 in December 2005, documenting the algorithm along with a Java implementation. Since then, the algorithm has been adopted by many ...

7. RSA (cryptosystem) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_(cryptosystem)

   A cryptographically strong random number generator, which has been properly seeded with adequate entropy, must be used to generate the primes p and q. An analysis comparing millions of public keys gathered from the Internet was carried out in early 2012 by Arjen K. Lenstra , James P. Hughes, Maxime Augier, Joppe W. Bos, Thorsten Kleinjung and ...