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In finance and economics, interest is payment from a borrower or deposit-taking financial institution to a lender or depositor of an amount above repayment of the principal sum (that is, the amount borrowed), at a particular rate. [1] It is distinct from a fee which the borrower may pay to the lender or some third party.
An interest rate is the amount of interest due per period, as a proportion of the amount lent, deposited, or borrowed (called the principal sum ). The total interest on an amount lent or borrowed depends on the principal sum, the interest rate, the compounding frequency, and the length of time over which it is lent, deposited, or borrowed.
Compound interest. Compound interest is interest accumulated from a principal sum and previously accumulated interest. It is the result of reinvesting or retaining interest that would otherwise be paid out, or of the accumulation of debts from a borrower.
In finance, a bond is a type of security under which the issuer ( debtor) owes the holder ( creditor) a debt, and is obliged – depending on the terms – to provide cash flow to the creditor (e.g. repay the principal (i.e. amount borrowed) of the bond at the maturity date as well as interest (called the coupon) over a specified amount of time ...
Debt may be owed by sovereign state or country, local government, company, or an individual. Commercial debt is generally subject to contractual terms regarding the amount and timing of repayments of principal and interest. [1] Loans, bonds, notes, and mortgages are all types of debt. In financial accounting, debt is a type of financial ...
Principal balance. The principal balance, in regard to a mortgage, loan, or other instrument of debt, is the amount due and owed to satisfy the payoff of an underlying obligation. It is distinct from, and does not include, interest or other charges. Amortized mortgage loans automatically pay a portion of each monthly payment to the principal ...
Installment loan. An installment loan is a type of agreement or contract involving a loan that is repaid over time with a set number of scheduled payments; [1] normally at least two payments are made towards the loan. The term of loan may be as little as a few months and as long as 30 years. A mortgage loan, for example, is a type of ...
An amortization schedule indicates the specific monetary amount put towards interest, as well as the specific amount put towards the principal balance, with each payment. Initially, a large portion of each payment is devoted to interest. As the loan matures, larger portions go towards paying down the principal.