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  2. Consensus theory of truth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_theory_of_truth

    Consensus gentium. An ancient criterion of truth, the consensus gentium (Latin for agreement of the people), states "that which is universal among men carries the weight of truth" (Ferm, 64). A number of consensus theories of truth are based on variations of this principle. In some criteria the notion of universal consent is taken strictly ...

  3. List of superseded scientific theories - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superseded_theories_in...

    Phrenology – a theory of highly localised brain function popular in 19th century medicine. Homeopathy – a theory according to which a disease can be cured by infinitesimal doses of the substance that caused it; Eclectic medicine – transformed into alternative medicine, and is no longer considered a scientific theory

  4. Epistemic theories of truth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistemic_theories_of_truth

    For example, the methods used must be those of scientific inquiry (criticism, observation, reproducibility, etc.). This "modification" of the consensus view is an appeal to the correspondence theory of truth, which is opposed to the consensus theory of truth. Long-run scientific pragmatism was defended by Charles Sanders Peirce.

  5. Tree of life (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_of_life_(biology)

    Tree of life (biology) The tree of life or universal tree of life is a metaphor, conceptual model, and research tool used to explore the evolution of life and describe the relationships between organisms, both living and extinct, as described in a famous passage in Charles Darwin 's On the Origin of Species (1859). [1]

  6. Gettier problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gettier_problem

    Gettier problem. The Gettier problem, in the field of epistemology, is a landmark philosophical problem concerning the understanding of descriptive knowledge. Attributed to American philosopher Edmund Gettier, Gettier-type counterexamples (called "Gettier-cases") challenge the long-held justified true belief (JTB) account of knowledge.

  7. Consensus theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_theorem

    The consensus or consensus term of two conjunctive terms of a disjunction is defined when one term contains the literal and the other the literal , an opposition. The consensus is the conjunction of the two terms, omitting both and , and repeated literals. For example, the consensus of and is . [2] The consensus is undefined if there is more ...

  8. Consensus sequence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_sequence

    Consensus sequence. In molecular biology and bioinformatics, the consensus sequence (or canonical sequence) is the calculated sequence of most frequent residues, either nucleotide or amino acid, found at each position in a sequence alignment. It represents the results of multiple sequence alignments in which related sequences are compared to ...

  9. Consilience - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consilience

    Consilience. In science and history, consilience (also convergence of evidence or concordance of evidence) is the principle that evidence from independent, unrelated sources can "converge" on strong conclusions. That is, when multiple sources of evidence are in agreement, the conclusion can be very strong even when none of the individual ...