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Progression-free survival ( PFS) is "the length of time during and after the treatment of a disease, such as cancer, that a patient lives with the disease but it does not get worse". [1] In oncology, PFS usually refers to situations in which a tumor is present, as demonstrated by laboratory testing, radiologic testing, or clinically. Similarly, "disease-free survival" is the length of time ...
Hospitals, clinics, clinical research centers. Oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with the study, treatment, diagnosis, and prevention of cancer. A medical professional who practices oncology is an oncologist. [1] The name's etymological origin is the Greek word ὄγκος ( ónkos ), meaning "tumor", "volume" or "mass". [2]
Multimodal cancer therapy, often referred to simply as multimodal therapy or multimodal cancer care, is an approach for treatment of cancer that combines radiation and chemotherapy [1] or other multiple therapeutic modalities. [1] [2] For example, in the case of mesotheliomas, treatments combine modalities such as surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy. [3] Multimodal ...
Triple-negative breast cancer comprises 15–20% of all breast cancer cases [3] and affects more young women or women with a mutation in the BRCA1 gene than other breast cancers. [4] Triple-negative breast cancers comprise a very heterogeneous group of cancers. TNBC is the most challenging breast cancer type to treat. [5] Hormone therapy that is used for other breast cancers does not work for ...
Breast hypertrophy is a rare medical condition of the breast connective tissues in which the breasts become excessively large. The condition is often divided based on the severity into two types, macromastia and gigantomastia. Hypertrophy of the breast tissues may be caused by increased histologic sensitivity to certain hormones such as female sex hormones, prolactin, and growth factors. [1 ...
Superior vena cava syndrome ( SVCS ), is a group of symptoms caused by obstruction of the superior vena cava ("SVC"), a short, wide vessel carrying circulating blood into the heart. The majority of cases are caused by malignant tumors within the mediastinum, most commonly lung cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, directly compressing or invading the SVC wall. Non-malignant causes are increasing ...
Chemotherapy regimen. A chemotherapy regimen is a regimen for chemotherapy, defining the drugs to be used, their dosage, the frequency and duration of treatments, and other considerations. In modern oncology, many regimens combine several chemotherapy drugs in combination chemotherapy. The majority of drugs used in cancer chemotherapy are ...
Hepatocellular carcinoma in an individual who was hepatitis C positive. Autopsy specimen. Hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC [1]) is the most common type of primary liver cancer in adults and is currently the most common cause of death in people with cirrhosis. [2] HCC is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.