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  2. Peer review - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer_review

    Peer review is the evaluation of work by one or more people with similar competencies as the producers of the work ( peers ). [1] It functions as a form of self-regulation by qualified members of a profession within the relevant field. Peer review methods are used to maintain quality standards, improve performance, and provide credibility.

  3. Scholarly peer review - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholarly_peer_review

    Scholarly peer review or academic peer review (also known as refereeing) is the process of having a draft version of a researcher's methods and findings reviewed (usually anonymously) by experts (or "peers") in the same field. Peer review is widely used for helping the academic publisher (that is, the editor-in-chief, the editorial board or the ...

  4. Review article - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Review_article

    Peer review process. The process of review articles being peer-reviewed is critical to their credibility. The peer review process is a way to ensure the article is as polished and accurate as possible. Most often, those reviewing the article are fellow academics or experts within the field under discussion in the paper.

  5. Academic publishing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_publishing

    Peer review is a central concept for most academic publishing; other scholars in a field must find a work sufficiently high in quality for it to merit publication. A secondary benefit of the process is an indirect guard against plagiarism since reviewers are usually familiar with the sources consulted by the author(s).

  6. Open peer review - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_peer_review

    Open peer review is the various possible modifications of the traditional scholarly peer review process. The three most common modifications to which the term is applied are: [1] Open identities: Authors and reviewers are aware of each other's identity.

  7. Clinical peer review - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_peer_review

    Clinical peer review. Clinical peer review, also known as medical peer review is the process by which health care professionals, including those in nursing and pharmacy, evaluate each other's clinical performance. [1] [2] A discipline-specific process may be referenced accordingly (e.g., physician peer review, nursing peer review ).

  8. Google Scholar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Scholar

    Google Scholar is a freely accessible web search engine that indexes the full text or metadata of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines. . Released in beta in November 2004, the Google Scholar index includes peer-reviewed online academic journals and books, conference papers, theses and dissertations, preprints, abstracts, technical reports, and other ...

  9. Scientific literature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_literature

    Scientific literature encompasses a vast body of academic papers that spans various disciplines within the natural and social sciences. It primarily consists of academic papers that present original empirical research and theoretical contributions. These papers serve as essential sources of knowledge and are commonly referred to simply as ...