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The caste system in India is the paradigmatic ethnographic instance of social classification based on castes. It has its origins in ancient India, and was transformed by various ruling elites in medieval, early-modern, and modern India, especially in the aftermath of the collapse of the Mughal Empire and the establishment of the British Raj.
Terminology. The term Dalit is a self-applied concept for those called the "untouchables" and others that were outside of the traditional Hindu caste hierarchy. [5] [6] Economist and reformer B. R. Ambedkar (1891–1956) said that untouchability came into Indian society around 400 CE, due to the struggle for supremacy between Buddhism and ...
A brief introduction to technological brilliance of Ancient India (Indian Institute of Scientific Heritage) Science and Technology in Ancient India Archived 2015-05-01 at the Wayback Machine; India: Science and technology, U.S. Library of Congress. Pursuit and promotion of science: The Indian Experience, Indian National Science Academy.
The Indus Valley Civilisation [1] ( IVC ), also known as the Indus Civilisation, was a Bronze Age civilisation in the northwestern regions of South Asia, lasting from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE, and in its mature form 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE. [2] [a] Together with ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, it was one of three early civilisations of the Near East ...
Works by ancient Indian grammarians such as Patanjali and Katyayana suggest that women were educated in the early Vedic period. [1] [2] [3] Rig Vedic verses suggest that women married at a mature age and were probably free to select their own husbands in a practice called swayamvar or through Gandharva marriage . [4]
For the history of monarchy in India, see List of Indian monarchs and List of Hindu empires and dynasties. Monarchy in ancient India was ruled by a King who functioned as its protector, a role which involved both secular and religious power. The meaning and significance of kingship changed dramatically between the Vedic and Later Vedic period ...
Although ancient India had a significant urban population, much of India's population resided in villages, whose economies were largely isolated and self-sustaining. [citation needed] Agriculture was the predominant occupation and satisfied a village's food requirements while providing raw materials for hand-based industries such as textile, food processing and crafts.
Ancient India is the Indian subcontinent from prehistoric times to the start of Medieval India, which is typically dated (when the term is still used) to the end of the Gupta Empire around 500 CE. [1] Depending on context, the term Ancient India might cover the modern-day countries of Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Nepal, and Pakistan, though ...