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  2. Direct Edge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_Edge

    Direct Edge was a stock exchange operating two separate platforms, EDGA Exchange and EDGX Exchange. [1] It was based in Jersey City , New Jersey . Beginning in March 2009, Direct Edge's market share ranged from 9% to 12% of U.S. equities trading volume, and regularly traded one to two billion shares per day.

  3. Flash trading - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_trading

    Direct Edge quickly captured market share from their rivals as their share of matched trades soared from 1% of the industry's volume to 12%. [2] Direct Edge became a U.S. exchange in July 2010. [6] Nasdaq and BATS (U.S. exchanges) created their own flash market in early 2009 in response to the Direct Edge market. Both voluntarily discontinued ...

  4. Directed graph - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directed_graph

    Definition. In formal terms, a directed graph is an ordered pair G = (V, A) where [1] A is a set of ordered pairs of vertices, called arcs, directed edges (sometimes simply edges with the corresponding set named E instead of A), arrows, or directed lines. It differs from an ordinary or undirected graph, in that the latter is defined in terms of ...

  5. High-frequency trading - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-frequency_trading

    More fully automated markets such as NASDAQ, Direct Edge, and BATS, in the US, gained market share from less automated markets such as the NYSE. Economies of scale in electronic trading contributed to lowering commissions and trade processing fees, and contributed to international mergers and consolidation of financial exchanges.

  6. Directed acyclic graph - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directed_acyclic_graph

    Directed acyclic graph. In mathematics, particularly graph theory, and computer science, a directed acyclic graph (DAG) is a directed graph with no directed cycles. That is, it consists of vertices and edges (also called arcs), with each edge directed from one vertex to another, such that following those directions will never form a closed loop ...

  7. Connectivity (graph theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connectivity_(graph_theory)

    More generally, an edge cut of G is a set of edges whose removal renders the graph disconnected. The edge-connectivity λ(G) is the size of a smallest edge cut, and the local edge-connectivity λ(u, v) of two vertices u, v is the size of a smallest edge cut disconnecting u from v. Again, local edge-connectivity is symmetric.

  8. International Securities Exchange - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Securities...

    December 23, 2008: Completes deal with Direct Edge. ISE Stock Exchange becomes a wholly owned subsidiary of the Direct Edge with ISE gaining a 31.54% ownership stake. [9] 2011: 2016: March 9, 2016: American exchange operator Nasdaq announced it will buy International Securities Exchange (ISE.N) for $1.1 billion. [10]

  9. Multigraph - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multigraph

    A multidigraph is a directed graph which is permitted to have multiple arcs, i.e., arcs with the same source and target nodes. A multidigraph G is an ordered pair G := (V, A) with. V a set of vertices or nodes, A a multiset of ordered pairs of vertices called directed edges, arcs or arrows. A mixed multigraph G := (V, E, A) may be defined in ...