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Radiative transfer. Radiative transfer (also called radiation transport) is the physical phenomenon of energy transfer in the form of electromagnetic radiation. The propagation of radiation through a medium is affected by absorption, emission, and scattering processes. The equation of radiative transfer describes these interactions mathematically.
Thermal radiation is the emission of electromagnetic waves from all matter that has a temperature greater than absolute zero. [5] [2] Thermal radiation reflects the conversion of thermal energy into electromagnetic energy. Thermal energy is the kinetic energy of random movements of atoms and molecules in matter.
This relates the ray vectors at the input and output planes by the ray transfer matrix (RTM) M, which represents the optical component or system present between the two reference planes. A thermodynamics argument based on the blackbody radiation [ citation needed ] can be used to show that the determinant of a RTM is the ratio of the indices of ...
Contrast transfer theory provides a quantitative method to translate the exit wavefunction to a final image. Part of the analysis is based on Fourier transforms of the electron beam wavefunction. When an electron wavefunction passes through a lens, the wavefunction goes through a Fourier transform. This is a concept from Fourier optics .
The transfer-matrix method is a method used in optics and acoustics to analyze the propagation of electromagnetic or acoustic waves through a stratified medium; a stack of thin films. [1] [2] This is, for example, relevant for the design of anti-reflective coatings and dielectric mirrors . The reflection of light from a single interface between ...
Transmission electron microscopy ( TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted ...
Fluid–structure interaction ( FSI) is the interaction of some movable or deformable structure with an internal or surrounding fluid flow. [1] Fluid–structure interactions can be stable or oscillatory. In oscillatory interactions, the strain induced in the solid structure causes it to move such that the source of strain is reduced, and the ...
In diffusion theory, radiance is taken to be largely isotropic, so only the isotropic and first-order anisotropic terms are used: (, ^,) = =, (,), (^) where n, m are the expansion coefficients. Radiance is expressed with 4 terms: one for n = 0 (the isotropic term) and 3 terms for n = 1 (the anisotropic terms).
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