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  2. Limiting factor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limiting_factor

    A limiting factor is a variable of a system that causes a noticeable change in output or another measure of a type of system. The limiting factor is in a pyramid shape of organisms going up from the producers to consumers and so on. A factor not limiting over a certain domain of starting conditions may yet be limiting over another domain of ...

  3. Eutrophication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eutrophication

    This means that some nutrients are more prevalent in certain areas than others and different ecosystems and environments have different limiting factors. Phosphorus is the limiting factor for plant growth in most freshwater ecosystems, [15] and because phosphate adheres tightly to soil particles and sinks in areas such as wetlands and lakes ...

  4. Primary production - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_production

    The factors limiting primary production in the ocean are also very different from those on land. The availability of water, obviously, is not an issue (though its salinity can be). Similarly, temperature, while affecting metabolic rates (see Q 10 ), ranges less widely in the ocean than on land because the heat capacity of seawater buffers ...

  5. Interspecific competition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interspecific_competition

    The two species share the same ecological niche, and are thus in competition with each other. Interspecific competition, in ecology, is a form of competition in which individuals of different species compete for the same resources in an ecosystem (e.g. food or living space). This can be contrasted with mutualism, a type of symbiosis.

  6. Liebig's law of the minimum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liebig's_law_of_the_minimum

    Liebig's law has been extended to biological populations (and is commonly used in ecosystem modelling).For example, the growth of an organism such as a plant may be dependent on a number of different factors, such as sunlight or mineral nutrients (e.g., nitrate or phosphate).

  7. Competition (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competition_(biology)

    Competition (biology) Competition is an interaction between organisms or species in which both require a resource that is in limited supply (such as food, water, or territory). [1] Competition lowers the fitness of both organisms involved since the presence of one of the organisms always reduces the amount of the resource available to the other.

  8. Ecosystem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem

    e. An ecosystem (or ecological system) is a system that environments and their organisms form through their interaction. [2]: 458 The biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. Ecosystems are controlled by external and internal factors. External factors such as climate, parent material which ...

  9. Ecological niche - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_niche

    Ecological niche. The flightless dung beetle occupies an ecological niche: exploiting animal droppings as a food source. In ecology, a niche is the match of a species to a specific environmental condition. [1][2] It describes how an organism or population responds to the distribution of resources and competitors (for example, by growing when ...