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Buenker, John D. "Urban Liberalism and the Federal Income Tax Amendment" Pennsylvania History (1969) 36#2 pp. 192-215 online; Buenker, John D. "The ratification of the federal income tax amendment." Cato Journal. 1 (1981): 183-223. Buenker, John D. The Income Tax and the Progressive Era (Routledge, 2018) excerpt. Burg, David F.
The inception date of the modern income tax is typically accepted as 1799, [6] at the suggestion of Henry Beeke, the future Dean of Bristol. [7] This income tax was introduced into Great Britain by Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger in his budget of December 1798, to pay for weapons and equipment for the French Revolutionary War.
The Income Tax (Earnings and Pensions) Act 2003 (c 1) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It restated certain legislation relating to income tax "so as to make it clearer and easier to use". [ 3 ]
As income inequality grows in the United States, modern liberals tend to support tax increases on the wealthy. [59] Starting during the Obama administration, modern liberals have supported a system of universal healthcare for the United States and have made healthcare a major election issue. [60]
Approximately three percent of the population was subject to the income tax. The bill also included a one percent tax on the net income of all corporations, superseding a previous federal tax that had only applied to corporate net incomes above $5,000. [12] The Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the income tax in the cases of ...
State income tax rates vary widely from state to state. States imposing an income tax on individuals tax all taxable income (as defined in the state) of residents. Such residents are allowed a credit for taxes paid to other states. Most states tax income of nonresidents earned within the state.
The first federal income tax was enacted in 1861, and expired in 1872, amid constitutional challenges. A corporate income tax was enacted in 1894, but a key aspect of it was shortly held unconstitutional. In 1909, Congress enacted an excise tax on corporations based on income.
This system has the potential to allow for tax avoidance practiced by individuals who derive income from abroad, gain tax exemptions via their non-resident status there, and use this income outside Singapore. Expatriates and foreign workers in Singapore are also liable for paying income tax. [2]