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Learn about the memory recall of stimuli as a function of the depth of mental processing, according to Craik and Lockhart's theory. Find out the three levels of processing, the modifiers, the implicit memory and the sensory modes.
Fergus Ian Muirden Craik FRS (born 17 April 1935, Edinburgh, Scotland) is a cognitive psychologist known for his research on levels of processing in memory. This work was done in collaboration with Robert Lockhart at the University of Toronto in 1972 and continued with another collaborative effort with Endel Tulving in 1975.
Transfer-appropriate processing (TAP) is a type of state-dependent memory specifically showing that memory performance is not only determined by the depth of processing (where associating meaning with information strengthens the memory; see levels-of-processing effect), but by the relationship between how information is initially encoded and how it is later retrieved.
Encoding is the process of converting information into a form that can be stored and recalled in memory. Learn about the different types of encoding, such as visual, elaborative, semantic, and acoustic, and the historical figures and theories that influenced memory research.
Incidental encoding paradigms are used to examine the Levels-of-processing effect [22] on incidental memory. The Level of Processing Framework by Craik and Lockhart (1972) is a significant theory for incidental learning that postulates how levels of encoding and processing affects the extent of later retrieval.
The fact that self-reference was shown to be a stronger memory encoding method than semantic tasks is what led to more significant interest in the field [4] One early and significant experiment aimed to place self-reference on Craik and Lockhart's depth of processing hierarchy, and suggested that self-reference was a more beneficial encoding ...
Memory rehearsal is the repetition of information to store it in short-term or working memory. Maintenance rehearsal is a type of memory rehearsal that involves repeating information without thinking about its meaning, while elaborative rehearsal involves processing information at a deeper level and connecting it to other information.
Spontaneous recovery is a phenomenon of learning and memory that refers to the re-emergence of a previously extinguished response or memory after a delay. The web page explains spontaneous recovery in classical conditioning, human memory, and traumatic memories, but does not discuss hypermnesias or related concepts.