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Apiezon or similar hydrocarbon based greases are the cheapest, and most suitable for high vacuum applications. However, they dissolve in many organic solvents. This quality makes clean-up with pentane or hexanes trivial, but also easily leads to contamination of reaction mixtures. Silicone-based greases are cheaper than fluoroether-based greases.
Unlike the Ziehl–Neelsen stain (Z-N stain), the Kinyoun method of staining does not require heating. [4] [5] In the Ziehl–Neelsen stain, heat acts as a physical mordant while phenol (carbol of carbol fuchsin) acts as the chemical mordant. Since the Kinyoun stain is a cold method (no heat applied), the concentration of carbol fuschin used is ...
A 2-litre (3.5 imp pt) container of white spirit. White spirit (AU, UK and Ireland) [note 1] or mineral spirits (US, Canada), also known as mineral turpentine (AU/NZ/ZA), turpentine substitute, and petroleum spirits, is a petroleum-derived clear liquid used as a common organic solvent in painting. [1]
Numerous naturally-occurring stains exist, such as rust on iron and a patina on bronze, [3] as do accidental stains such as from ketchup and oil on fabrics and other materials. Different types of material can be stained by different substances, and stain resistance is an important characteristic in modern textile engineering .
It is better for oil-based stains (which account for about 10% of stains) [citation needed] than more common water-soluble stains (coffee, wine, blood, etc.). The toxicity of tetrachloroethylene is "moderate to low" and "reports of human injury are uncommon despite its wide usage in dry cleaning and degreasing". [ 9 ]
Papanicolaou stain (also Papanicolaou's stain and Pap stain) is a multichromatic (multicolored) cytological staining technique developed by George Papanicolaou in 1942. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The Papanicolaou stain is one of the most widely used stains in cytology , [ 1 ] where it is used to aid pathologists in making a diagnosis.
Oil spill clean up efforts commonly employ multiple methods in tandem. Controlled burning and barriers were both used as manual remediation efforts following the Exxon Valdez incident. [ 12 ] Chemical solvents and dispersants were briefly used by Exxon in water surrounding the Valdez although discontinued as they required specific conditions ...
For stain removal, conventional household washing machines use heated water, as this increases the solubility of stains. However, heating the water to the required temperature uses a considerable amount of energy; energy usage can be reduced by using detergent enzymes which perform well in cold water, allowing low-temperature washes and ...
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