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Senile osteoporosis. Senile osteoporosis has been recently recognized as a geriatric syndrome with a particular pathophysiology. There are different classification of osteoporosis: primary, in which bone loss is a result of aging and secondary, in which bone loss occurs from various clinical and lifestyle factors. [1]
Frequency. 15% (50 year olds), 70% (over 80 year olds) [7] Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass, micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to more porous bone, and consequent increase in fracture risk. It is the most common reason for a broken bone among the elderly. [3]
Medical uses. Bisphosphonates are used to treat osteoporosis, osteitis deformans (Paget's disease of the bone), bone metastasis (with or without hypercalcemia), multiple myeloma, and other conditions involving fragile, breakable bone. In osteoporosis and Paget's, the most popular first-line bisphosphonate drugs are alendronate and risedronate.
Prevention and Treatment. To prevent steroid-induced osteoporosis, the steroid dose and duration should be as low and as short as possible. All patients on long term glucocorticoids (≥3 months) should be encouraged to do weightbearing exercise, avoid smoking and excess alcohol and take fall prevention measures. Daily calcium and vitamin d ...
Frequency. 0.2% for those on biphosphonate type drugs >4 years. Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw ( MON, MRONJ) is progressive death of the jawbone in a person exposed to a medication known to increase the risk of disease, in the absence of a previous radiation treatment.
Denosumab, sold under the brand names Prolia and Xgeva among others, is a human monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of osteoporosis, treatment-induced bone loss, metastases to bone, and giant cell tumor of bone. [7] [8] Denosumab is contraindicated in people with low blood calcium levels. The most common side effects are joint and muscle ...
Bazedoxifene is used as treatment for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women at increased risk of fracture. It has been shown to be relatively safe and well tolerated. It shows no breast or endometrial stimulation and in the first two years, the small increase is better in venous thromboembolism, and similar in the long term to other SERMs.
Zoledronic acid. Zoledronic acid, also known as zoledronate and sold under the brand name Zometa [4] by Novartis among others, is a medication used to treat a number of bone diseases. [3] These include osteoporosis, high blood calcium due to cancer, bone breakdown due to cancer, Paget's disease of bone [3] and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).
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