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Freedom of navigation. Freedom of navigation ( FON) is a principle of law of the sea that ships flying the flag of any sovereign state shall not suffer interference from other states, apart from the exceptions provided for in international law. [1] In the realm of international law, it has been defined as “freedom of movement for vessels ...
The territorial waters of Indonesia are defined according to the principles set out in Article 46 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Their boundary consists of straight lines ("baselines") linking 195 coordinate points located at the outer edge of the archipelago ("basepoints"). [1]
Modern Wawasan Nusantara, the Indonesian archipelagic baselines pursuant to article 47, paragraph 9, of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Wawasan Nusantara, or Indonesian Archipelagic Vision, is the national vision of Indonesia towards their people, nation, and territory of the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia (including its land and sea as well as the air ...
The South China Sea Arbitration (Philippines v. China, PCA case number 2013–19) was an arbitration case brought by the Republic of the Philippines against the People's Republic of China (PRC) under Annex VII (subject to Part XV) of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS, ratified by the Philippines in 1984, by the PRC in 1996, opted out from Section 2 of Part XV by China ...
The exclusive economic zone of the Philippines (Philippine EEZ) mandated by UNCLOS consists of four subzones. [1] It covers 2,263,816 square kilometers (874,064 sq mi) of sea. The Philippines has 7,641 islands comprising the Philippine archipelago. [2] The coordinates are between 116° 40', and 126° 34' E longitude and 4° 40' and 21° 10' N ...
The nine-dash line, also referred to as the eleven-dash line by Taiwan, is a set of line segments on various maps that accompanied the claims of the People's Republic of China (PRC, "mainland China") and the Republic of China (ROC, "Taiwan") in the South China Sea.
Territorial sea. Indonesia's maritime territory and exclusive economic zone. Territorial sea is a belt of coastal waters extending at most 12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi) from the baseline (usually the mean low-water mark) of a coastal state. [6] The territorial sea is sovereign territory, although foreign ships (military and civilian) are ...
Indonesia and the Philippines are both signatories on the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Eventually, Indonesia contested the sea territories of the Philippines as defined by the Treaty of Paris of 1898. Indonesia argued that the rectangular box drawn in the Treaty did not follow the UNCLOS. The Philippines ...