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Relative density, also called specific gravity, is a dimensionless quantity defined as the ratio of the density (mass of a unit volume) of a substance to the density of a given reference material. Specific gravity for liquids is nearly always measured with respect to water at its densest (at 4 °C or 39.2 °F); for gases, the reference is air ...
Relative abundance is the percent composition of an organism of a particular kind relative to the total number of organisms in the area. [citation needed] Relative species abundances tend to conform to specific patterns that are among the best-known and most-studied patterns in macroecology. Different populations in a community exist in ...
Scientific law. Scientific laws or laws of science are statements, based on repeated experiments or observations, that describe or predict a range of natural phenomena. [1] The term law has diverse usage in many cases (approximate, accurate, broad, or narrow) across all fields of natural science ( physics, chemistry, astronomy, geoscience ...
Abundance (ecology) Effects of herbivore abundance in seagrass meadows. In ecology, local abundance is the relative representation of a species in a particular ecosystem. [1] It is usually measured as the number of individuals found per sample. The ratio of abundance of one species to one or multiple other species living in an ecosystem is ...
Density ( volumetric mass density or specific mass) is a substance's mass per unit of volume. The symbol most often used for density is ρ (the lower case Greek letter rho ), although the Latin letter D can also be used. Mathematically, density is defined as mass divided by volume: [1] where ρ is the density, m is the mass, and V is the volume ...
Leaf area index. Leaf area index ( LAI) is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes plant canopies. It is defined as the one-sided green leaf area per unit ground surface area ( LAI = leaf area / ground area, m2 / m2) in broadleaf canopies. [1] In conifers, three definitions for LAI have been used: The definition “half the total leaf area ...
where is the dynamic pressure, and ρ is the density of the incompressible fluid. Frame of reference. The speed, and thus the kinetic energy of a single object is frame-dependent (relative): it can take any non-negative value, by choosing a suitable inertial frame of reference. For example, a bullet passing an observer has kinetic energy in the ...
where c P is the heat capacity at constant pressure, ρ is the density of the fluid, μ turb is the coefficient of turbulent viscosity and k turb is the turbulent thermal conductivity. Kolmogorov's theory of 1941. Richardson's notion of turbulence was that a turbulent flow is composed by "eddies" of different sizes.
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