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  2. Empowerment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empowerment

    Empowerment is the degree of autonomy and self-determination in people and in communities. This enables them to represent their interests in a responsible and self-determined way, acting on their own authority. It is the process of becoming stronger and more confident, especially in controlling one's life and claiming one's rights.

  3. Herbert Spencer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Spencer

    t. e. Herbert Spencer (27 April 1820 – 8 December 1903) was an English polymath active as a philosopher, psychologist, biologist, sociologist, and anthropologist. Spencer originated the expression "survival of the fittest", which he coined in Principles of Biology (1864) after reading Charles Darwin 's 1859 book On the Origin of Species.

  4. Life history theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_history_theory

    Life history theory (LHT) is an analytical framework [1] designed to study the diversity of life history strategies used by different organisms throughout the world, as well as the causes and results of the variation in their life cycles. [2] It is a theory of biological evolution that seeks to explain aspects of organisms' anatomy and behavior ...

  5. Woman - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woman

    v. t. e. A woman is an adult female human. [a][2][3] Before adulthood, a female child or adolescent is referred to as a girl. [4] Typically, women are of the female sex and inherit a pair of X chromosomes, one from each parent, and fertile women are capable of pregnancy and giving birth from puberty until menopause.

  6. Male gaze - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male_gaze

    In feminist theory, the male gaze is the act of depicting women and the world in the visual arts [2] and in literature [3] from a masculine, heterosexual perspective that presents and represents women as sexual objects for the pleasure of the heterosexual male viewer. [4]

  7. Women's empowerment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women's_empowerment

    Women's empowerment (or female empowerment) may be defined in several method, including accepting women's viewpoints, making an effort to seek them and raising the status of women through education, awareness, literacy, equal status in society, better livelihood and training. [1][2][3] Women's empowerment equips and allows women to make life ...

  8. Struggle for existence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struggle_for_existence

    The concept of the struggle for existence (or struggle for life) concerns the competition or battle for resources needed to live. It can refer to human society, or to organisms in nature. The concept is ancient, and the term struggle for existence was in use by the end of the 18th century.

  9. Ecological systems theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_systems_theory

    Ecological systems theory is a broad term used to capture the theoretical contributions of developmental psychologist Urie Bronfenbrenner. [1] Bronfenbrenner developed the foundations of the theory throughout his career, [2] published a major statement of the theory in American Psychologist, [3] articulated it in a series of propositions and hypotheses in his most cited book, The Ecology of ...