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  2. Critical consciousness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_consciousness

    Critical consciousness, conscientization, or conscientização in Portuguese ( Portuguese pronunciation: [kõsjẽtʃizaˈsɐ̃w] ), is a popular education and social concept developed by Brazilian pedagogue and educational theorist Paulo Freire, grounded in neo-Marxist critical theory. Critical consciousness focuses on achieving an in-depth ...

  3. Critical pedagogy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_pedagogy

    Critical pedagogy is a philosophy of education and social movement that developed and applied concepts from critical theory and related traditions to the field of education and the study of culture. [1] It insists that issues of social justice and democracy are not distinct from acts of teaching and learning. [2]

  4. Problem-posing education - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem-posing_education

    Problem-posing education. Problem-posing education, coined by the Brazilian educator Paulo Freire in his 1970 book Pedagogy of the Oppressed, is a method of teaching that emphasizes critical thinking for the purpose of liberation. Freire used problem posing as an alternative to the banking model of education .

  5. Pedagogy of the Oppressed - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogy_of_the_Oppressed

    Critical pedagogy. Pedagogy of the Oppressed ( Portuguese: Pedagogia do Oprimido) is a book by Brazilian educator Paulo Freire, written in Portuguese between 1967 and 1968, but published first in Spanish in 1968. An English translation was published in 1970, with the Portuguese original being published in 1972 in Portugal, and then again in ...

  6. Mutual aid (organization theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_aid_(organization...

    Libertarian socialism. Mutual aid is an organizational model where voluntary, collaborative exchanges of resources and services for common benefit take place amongst community members to overcome social, economic, and political barriers to meeting common needs. This can include physical resources like food, clothing, or medicine, as well as ...

  7. Paulo Freire and the Cold War Politics of Literacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulo_Freire_and_the_Cold...

    978-1-4696-2224-8. Paulo Freire and the Cold War Politics of Literacy is a book by historian Andrew J. Kirkendall published by the University of North Carolina Press in 2010. [1] It discusses the involvement of Brazilian educator and critical pedagogy philosopher Paulo Freire (1921-1997) in literacy programs in Latin American during the Cold ...

  8. Empowerment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empowerment

    Empowerment is the degree of autonomy and self-determination in people and in communities. This enables them to represent their interests in a responsible and self-determined way, acting on their own authority. It is the process of becoming stronger and more confident, especially in controlling one's life and claiming one's rights.

  9. Economic empowerment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/?title=Economic_empowerment&...

    This page was last edited on 4 October 2011, at 08:06 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0; additional terms may ...