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In psychology, multiple trace theory is a memory consolidation model advanced as an alternative model to strength theory. It posits that each time some information is presented to a person, it is neurally encoded in a unique memory trace composed of a combination of its attributes. [1] Further support for this theory came in the 1960s from ...
Fuzzy-trace theory. Fuzzy-trace theory ( FTT) is a theory of cognition originally proposed by Valerie F. Reyna and Charles Brainerd [1] to explain cognitive phenomena, particularly in memory and reasoning. FTT posits two types of memory processes (verbatim and gist) and, therefore, it is often referred to as a dual process theory of memory.
The Decay theory is a theory that proposes that memory fades due to the mere passage of time. Information is therefore less available for later retrieval as time passes and memory, as well as memory strength, wears away. [1] When an individual learns something new, a neurochemical "memory trace" is created.
Memory consolidation is a category of processes that stabilize a memory trace after its initial acquisition. [1] A memory trace is a change in the nervous system caused by memorizing something. Consolidation is distinguished into two specific processes. The first, synaptic consolidation, which is thought to correspond to late-phase long-term ...
TRACE is a connectionist model of speech perception, proposed by James McClelland and Jeffrey Elman in 1986. It is based on a structure called "the TRACE," a dynamic processing structure made up of a network of units, which performs as the system's working memory as well as the perceptual processing mechanism. [2]
Engram (neuropsychology) An engram is a unit of cognitive information imprinted in a physical substance, theorized to be the means by which memories are stored [1] as biophysical or biochemical [2] changes in the brain or other biological tissue, in response to external stimuli. Demonstrating the existence of, and the exact mechanism and ...
Fuzzy-trace theory. According to Charles Brainerd and Valerie Reyna's fuzzy-trace theory of memory and reasoning, people have two memory representations: verbatim and gist. Verbatim is memory for surface information (e.g. the words in this sentence) whereas gist is memory for semantic information (e.g. the meaning of this sentence).
Valerie F. Reyna (born 1955) is an American psychologist and Professor of Human Development at Cornell University and an expert on false memory and risky decision making . In collaboration with her husband Charles Brainerd, [1] Reyna developed fuzzy-trace theory, a dual-process model of mental representations underlying memory, judgement, and ...
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