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Initial value problem. In multivariable calculus, an initial value problem [a] ( IVP) is an ordinary differential equation together with an initial condition which specifies the value of the unknown function at a given point in the domain. Modeling a system in physics or other sciences frequently amounts to solving an initial value problem.
In mathematics, specifically the study of differential equations, the Picard–Lindelöf theorem gives a set of conditions under which an initial value problem has a unique solution. It is also known as Picard's existence theorem, the Cauchy–Lipschitz theorem, or the existence and uniqueness theorem . The theorem is named after Émile Picard ...
An ordinary differential equation ( ODE) is an equation containing an unknown function of one real or complex variable x, its derivatives, and some given functions of x. The unknown function is generally represented by a variable (often denoted y ), which, therefore, depends on x. Thus x is often called the independent variable of the equation.
The above equations are, in fact, the general functions sought, but they are in their general form (with unspecified values of A and B), whilst we want to actually find their exact forms and solutions. So now we consider the problem’s given initial conditions (the problem including given initial conditions is the so-called initial value problem).
Consider the problem of calculating the shape of an unknown curve which starts at a given point and satisfies a given differential equation. Here, a differential equation can be thought of as a formula by which the slope of the tangent line to the curve can be computed at any point on the curve, once the position of that point has been calculated.
In the study of differential equations, a boundary-value problem is a differential equation subjected to constraints called boundary conditions. [1] A solution to a boundary value problem is a solution to the differential equation which also satisfies the boundary conditions. Boundary value problems arise in several branches of physics as any ...
Ordinary differential equations. Adomian method is well suited to solve Cauchy problems, an important class of problems which include initial conditions problems. Application to a first order nonlinear system. An example of initial condition problem for an ordinary differential equation is the following:
e. In mathematics, a differential-algebraic system of equations ( DAE) is a system of equations that either contains differential equations and algebraic equations, or is equivalent to such a system. The set of the solutions of such a system is a differential algebraic variety, and corresponds to an ideal in a differential algebra of ...