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To calculate for a different value of τ, a new time-series needs to be provided. Non-overlapped variable τ estimators [ edit ] Taking the time-series and skipping past n − 1 samples, a new (shorter) time-series would occur with τ 0 as the time between the adjacent samples, for which the Allan variance could be calculated with the simple ...
Explicitly state the number of significant figures (the abbreviation s.f. is sometimes used): For example "20 000 to 2 s.f." or "20 000 (2 sf)". State the expected variability (precision) explicitly with a plus–minus sign, as in 20 000 ± 1%. This also allows specifying a range of precision in-between powers of ten.
Mutual information is a measure of the inherent dependence expressed in the joint distribution of and relative to the marginal distribution of and under the assumption of independence. Mutual information therefore measures dependence in the following sense: if and only if and are independent random variables.
The uncertainty coefficient is useful for measuring the validity of a statistical classification algorithm and has the advantage over simpler accuracy measures such as precision and recall in that it is not affected by the relative fractions of the different classes, i.e., P ( x ). [4] It also has the unique property that it won't penalize an ...
Applied to one vector, the covariance matrix maps a linear combination c of the random variables X onto a vector of covariances with those variables: . Treated as a bilinear form, it yields the covariance between the two linear combinations: . The variance of a linear combination is then , its covariance with itself.
Risk management is the identification, evaluation, and prioritization of risks (defined in ISO 31000 as the effect of uncertainty on objectives) followed by coordinated and economical application of resources to minimize, monitor, and control the probability or impact of unfortunate events [1] or to maximize the realization of opportunities.
Robust optimization. Robust optimization is a field of mathematical optimization theory that deals with optimization problems in which a certain measure of robustness is sought against uncertainty that can be represented as deterministic variability in the value of the parameters of the problem itself and/or its solution.
Viewshed analysis is a computational algorithm that delineates a viewshed, the area that is visible (on the base terrain surface) from a given location. It is a common part of the terrain analysis toolset found in most geographic information system (GIS) software. The analysis uses the elevation value of each cell of the digital elevation model ...