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Online research methods ( ORMs) are ways in which researchers can collect data via the internet. They are also referred to as Internet research, [1] Internet science [2] or iScience, or Web-based methods. [3] Many of these online research methods are related to existing research methodologies but re-invent and re-imagine them in the light of ...
Multi-agent systems. An agent-based model ( ABM) is a computational model for simulating the actions and interactions of autonomous agents (both individual or collective entities such as organizations or groups) in order to understand the behavior of a system and what governs its outcomes. It combines elements of game theory, complex systems ...
Kruskal–Wallis test. The Kruskal–Wallis test by ranks, Kruskal–Wallis test [1] (named after William Kruskal and W. Allen Wallis ), or one-way ANOVA on ranks [1] is a non-parametric method for testing whether samples originate from the same distribution. [2] [3] [4] It is used for comparing two or more independent samples of equal or ...
Qualitative comparative analysis. In statistics, qualitative comparative analysis ( QCA) is a data analysis based on set theory to examine the relationship of conditions to outcome. QCA describes the relationship in terms of necessary conditions and sufficient conditions. [1] The technique was originally developed by Charles Ragin in 1987 [2 ...
e. The scientific method is an empirical method for acquiring knowledge that has characterized the development of science since at least the 17th century. The scientific method involves careful observation coupled with rigorous scepticism, because cognitive assumptions can distort the interpretation of the observation.
A randomized controlled trial (or randomized control trial; [2] RCT) is a form of scientific experiment used to control factors not under direct experimental control. Examples of RCTs are clinical trials that compare the effects of drugs, surgical techniques, medical devices, diagnostic procedures, diets or other medical treatments.
Narrative inquiry is a form of qualitative research, that emerged in the field of management science and later also developed in the field of knowledge management, which shares the sphere of Information Management. [8] It has been noted the narrative case studies were used by Freud in the field of psychology, and biographies were used in ...
A quasi-experiment is an empirical interventional study used to estimate the causal impact of an intervention on target population without random assignment. Quasi-experimental research shares similarities with the traditional experimental design or randomized controlled trial, but it specifically lacks the element of random assignment to ...