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The derivative is a fundamental tool of calculus that quantifies the sensitivity of change of a function 's output with respect to its input. The derivative of a function of a single variable at a chosen input value, when it exists, is the slope of the tangent line to the graph of the function at that point. The tangent line is the best linear ...
e. In mathematics, a partial differential equation ( PDE) is an equation which computes a function between various partial derivatives of a multivariable function . The function is often thought of as an "unknown" to be solved for, similar to how x is thought of as an unknown number to be solved for in an algebraic equation like x2 − 3x + 2 = 0.
The term differential is used nonrigorously in calculus to refer to an infinitesimal ("infinitely small") change in some varying quantity. For example, if x is a variable, then a change in the value of x is often denoted Δ x (pronounced delta x ). The differential dx represents an infinitely small change in the variable x.
In mathematics, the binomial differential equation is an ordinary differential equation containing one or more functions of one independent variable and the derivatives of those functions. For example: [clarification needed] when is a natural number and is a polynomial of two variables (bivariate).
e. In mathematics, a differential-algebraic system of equations ( DAE) is a system of equations that either contains differential equations and algebraic equations, or is equivalent to such a system. The set of the solutions of such a system is a differential algebraic variety, and corresponds to an ideal in a differential algebra of ...
A differential screw is a mechanism used for making small, precise adjustments to the spacing between two objects (such as in focusing a microscope, [2] moving the anvils of a micrometer, [3] [4] or positioning optics [5] ). A differential screw uses a spindle with two screw threads of differing leads (in case of a single lead equal to the ...
Bessel function. Bessel functions describe the radial part of vibrations of a circular membrane. Bessel functions, first defined by the mathematician Daniel Bernoulli and then generalized by Friedrich Bessel, are canonical solutions y(x) of Bessel's differential equation.
Sturm–Liouville theory. In mathematics and its applications, a Sturm–Liouville problem is a second-order linear ordinary differential equation of the form: for given functions , and , together with some boundary conditions at extreme values of . The goals of a given Sturm–Liouville problem are: To find the λ for which there exists a non ...
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