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  2. Masoretic Text - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masoretic_Text

    The Masoretic Text[ a ] (MT or 𝕸; Hebrew: נֻסָּח הַמָּסוֹרָה, romanized:Nūssāḥ hamMāsōrā, lit. 'Text of the Tradition') is the authoritative Hebrew and Aramaic text of the 24 books of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) in Rabbinic Judaism. The Masoretic Text defines the Jewish canon and its precise letter-text, with its ...

  3. Leningrad Codex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leningrad_Codex

    Look up codex in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. The Leningrad Codex (Latin: Codex Leningradensis [Leningrad Book]; Hebrew: כתב יד לנינגרד) is the oldest known complete manuscript of the Hebrew Bible in Hebrew, using the Masoretic Text and Tiberian vocalization. According to its colophon, it was made in Cairo in AD 1008 (or ...

  4. List of Hebrew Bible manuscripts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Hebrew_Bible...

    The oldest manuscripts were written in a form of scroll, the medieval manuscripts usually were written in a form of codex. The late manuscripts written after the 9th century use the Masoretic Text. The important manuscripts are associated with Aaron ben Asher (especially Leningrad Codex). [1]

  5. Dating the Bible - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dating_the_Bible

    The oldest text of the entire Christian Bible, including the New Testament, is the Codex Sinaiticus dating from the 4th century CE, with its Old Testament a copy of a Greek translation known as the Septuagint. The oldest extant manuscripts of the vocalized Masoretic Text date to the 9th century CE. [1]

  6. Dead Sea Scrolls - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls

    Before the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls, the oldest Hebrew-language manuscripts of the Bible were Masoretic texts dating to the 10th century CE, such as the Aleppo Codex. [126] Today, the oldest known extant manuscripts of the Masoretic Text date from approximately the 9th century.

  7. Codex Sassoon 1053 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codex_Sassoon_1053

    Codex S1 (or MS1; formerly Codex Sassoon 1053 and also Safra, JUD 002) is a Masoretic codex comprising all 24 books of the Hebrew Bible, dated to the 10th century CE. It is considered as old as the Aleppo Codex and a century older than the Leningrad Codex (from 1008 CE), the earliest known complete Hebrew Bible manuscript. [1]

  8. Vulgate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulgate

    In translating the 38 books of the Hebrew Bible (Ezra–Nehemiah being counted as one book), Jerome was relatively free in rendering their text into Latin, but it is possible to determine that the oldest surviving complete manuscripts of the Masoretic Text which date from nearly 600 years after Jerome, nevertheless transmit a consonantal Hebrew ...

  9. Masoretes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masoretes

    The Masoretes (Hebrew: בַּעֲלֵי הַמָּסוֹרָה, romanized: Baʿălēy Hammāsōrā, lit. 'Masters of the Tradition') were groups of Jewish scribe - scholars who worked from around the end of the 5th through 10th centuries CE, [1][2] based primarily in the Jewish centers of the Levant (e.g. Tiberias and Jerusalem) and Mesopotamia ...