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Clone (cell biology) A clone is a group of identical cells that share a common ancestry, meaning they are derived from the same cell. [1] Clonality implies the state of a cell or a substance being derived from one source or the other. Thus there are terms like polyclonal —derived from many clones; oligoclonal [2] —derived from a few clones ...
Specifically, the threshold host density (N T) of a species refers to the minimum concentration of individuals necessary to sustain a given disease within a population. [1] Threshold host density (N T) only applies to density dependent diseases, where there is an "aggregation of risk" to the host in either high host density or low host density ...
Frequency-dependent selection is an evolutionary process by which the fitness of a phenotype or genotype depends on the phenotype or genotype composition of a given population . In positive frequency-dependent selection, the fitness of a phenotype or genotype increases as it becomes more common. In negative frequency-dependent selection, the ...
This is a list of countries and dependencies ranked by population density, sorted by inhabitants per square kilometre or square mile. The list includes sovereign states and self-governing dependent territories based upon the ISO standard ISO 3166-1. The list also includes unrecognized but de facto independent countries.
Distinguishing from other biological disciplines. Microbial population biology, in practice, is the application of population ecology and population genetics toward understanding the ecology and evolution of bacteria, archaebacteria, microscopic fungi (such as yeasts ), additional microscopic eukaryotes (e.g., "protozoa" and algae ), and viruses .
Minimum viable population ( MVP) is a lower bound on the population of a species, such that it can survive in the wild. This term is commonly used in the fields of biology, ecology, and conservation biology. MVP refers to the smallest possible size at which a biological population can exist without facing extinction from natural disasters or ...
Incidence (epidemiology) In epidemiology, incidence is a measure of the probability of occurrence of a given medical condition in a population within a specified period of time. Although sometimes loosely expressed simply as the number of new cases during some time period, it is better expressed as a proportion or a rate [1] with a denominator .
Mark and recapture. Mark and recapture is a method commonly used in ecology to estimate an animal population 's size where it is impractical to count every individual. [1] A portion of the population is captured, marked, and released. Later, another portion will be captured and the number of marked individuals within the sample is counted.