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Contingency theory. A contingency theory is an organizational theory that claims that there is no best way to organize a corporation, to lead a company, or to make decisions. Instead, the optimal course of action is contingent (dependent) upon the internal and external situation. Contingent leaders are flexible in choosing and adapting to ...
Contingency plan. A contingency plan, also known colloquially as Plan B, is a plan devised for an outcome other than in the usual (expected) plan. [1] It is often used for risk management for an exceptional risk that, though unlikely, would have catastrophic consequences.
Scenario planning concerns planning based on the systematic examination of the future by picturing plausible and consistent images of that future. The Delphi method attempts to develop systematically expert opinion consensus concerning future developments and events. It is a judgmental forecasting procedure in the form of an anonymous, written ...
Middle-range theory, developed by Robert K. Merton, is an approach to sociological theorizing aimed at integrating theory and empirical research. It is currently the de facto dominant approach to sociological theory construction, [1] especially in the United States. Middle-range theory starts with an empirical phenomenon (as opposed to a broad ...
Path dependence is a concept in the social sciences, referring to processes where past events or decisions constrain later events or decisions. [1] [2] It can be used to refer to outcomes at a single point in time or to long-run equilibria of a process. [3] Path dependence has been used to describe institutions, technical standards, patterns of ...
Contingency theory of leadership. In the contingency theory of leadership, the success of the leader is a function of various factors in the form of subordinate, task, and/ or group variables. The following theories stress using different styles of leadership appropriate to the needs created by different organizational situations.
Philosophy portal. Society portal. v. t. e. A critical theory is any approach to humanities and social philosophy that focuses on society and culture to attempt to reveal, critique, and challenge power structures. [1] With roots in sociology and literary criticism, it argues that social problems stem more from social structures and cultural ...
Leadership, both as a research area and as a practical skill, encompasses the ability of an individual, group, or organization to "lead", influence, or guide other individuals, teams, or entire organizations . "Leadership" is a contested term. [1]