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Learn about the definition, measurement, and sources of total dissolved solids (TDS) in water. TDS is a measure of the dissolved content of inorganic and organic substances in water, and affects its quality, taste, and use.
Electrodialysis is a process that uses electric potential to transport salt ions from one solution to another through ion-exchange membranes. It is used for deionization, desalting, and concentration of aqueous solutions, and has advantages and disadvantages compared to other methods.
Salinity is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, usually measured in g/L or g/kg. Learn about different methods and scales of salinity measurement, and the major ions and other constituents that affect salinity.
The T-V diagram of the rubber band experiment. The decrease in the temperature of the rubber band in a spontaneous process at ambient temperature can be explained using the Helmholtz free energy = where dF is the change in free energy, dL is the change in length, τ is the tension, dT is the change in temperature and S is the entropy.
Sodium cyanate is the sodium salt of the cyanate anion, a white solid with various uses and reactions. Learn about its structure, preparation, properties, hazards and applications in steel hardening, cyanic acid and urea derivatives.
Applications of TDS measurements are not limited to industrial use; many people use TDS as an indicator of the purity of their drinking water. Additionally, aquarium enthusiasts are concerned with TDS, both for freshwater and salt water aquariums. Many fish and invertebrates require quite narrow parameters for dissolved solids.
Sodium bisulfite is not a real compound, but a mixture of salts that dissolve in water to give solutions composed of sodium and bisulfite ions. It is used as a food additive, a reducing agent, and a decomposer of residual hypochlorite in various industries.
Total suspended solids (TSS) is the dry-weight of suspended particles in a water sample that can be trapped by a filter. TSS is a water quality parameter used to assess the quality of any type of water or wastewater after treatment.