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The most common set of supported tones is a set of 39 tones including all tones with Motorola PL codes, except for the tones 8Z, 9Z, and 0Z (zero-Z). The lowest series has adjacent tones that are roughly in the harmonic ratio of 2 0.05 to 1 (≈1.035265), while the other two series have adjacent tones roughly in the ratio of 10 0.015 to 1 (≈1 ...
Selective calling. In a conventional, analog two-way radio system, a standard radio has noise squelch or carrier squelch, which allows a radio to receive all transmissions. Selective calling is used to address a subset of all two-way radios on a single radio frequency channel. Where more than one user is on the same channel (co-channel users ...
Tone indicator. A tone indicator or tone tag is a symbol attached to a sentence or message sent in a textual form, such as over the internet, to explicitly state the intonation or intent of the message, especially when it may be otherwise ambiguous. Tone indicators start with a forward slash ( /), followed by a short series of letters, usually ...
Coaxial cavity RF filter at 2 meter repeater. An amateur radio repeater is an electronic device that receives a weak or low-level amateur radio signal and retransmits it at a higher level or higher power, so that the signal can cover longer distances without degradation. Many repeaters are located on hilltops or on tall buildings as the higher ...
Another widely used system is the Continuous Tone-Coded Squelch System (CTCSS) also referred to as subaudible tones or PL tones (a Motorola trademark). This uses single audio tones in the range from 67 to 257 Hz to address each message to a specific radio or a group (or fleet) of radios. Each radio or group is assigned a different tone frequency.
The Family Radio Service ( FRS) is an improved walkie-talkie radio system authorized in the United States since 1996. This personal radio service uses channelized frequencies around 462 and 467 MHz in the ultra high frequency (UHF) band. It does not suffer the interference effects found on citizens' band (CB) at 27 MHz, or the 49 MHz band also ...
Description. Pinyin Tone Chart.svg. Chart showing the relative changes in pitch for the four tones of Mandarin Chinese. On a scale of 1 to 5 with 5 being the highest pitch, the first tone remains constant at 5, the second tone rises from 3 to 5, the third tone falls from 2 to 1 and then rises to 4, and the fourth tone falls from 5 to 1. Source.
Piano key frequencies. This is a list of the fundamental frequencies in hertz (cycles per second) of the keys of a modern 88-key standard or 108-key extended piano in twelve-tone equal temperament, with the 49th key, the fifth A (called A 4 ), tuned to 440 Hz (referred to as A440 ). [1] [2] Every octave is made of twelve steps called semitones.