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Deme (biology) In biology, a deme, in the strict sense, is a group of individuals that belong to the same taxonomic group. [1] However, when biologists, and especially ecologists, use the term ‘deme’ they usually refer to it as the definition of a gamodeme: [2] a local group of individuals (from the same taxon) that interbreed with each ...
Coalescent theory. Coalescent theory is a model of how alleles sampled from a population may have originated from a common ancestor. In the simplest case, coalescent theory assumes no recombination, no natural selection, and no gene flow or population structure, meaning that each variant is equally likely to have been passed from one generation ...
The fixation index ( FST) is a measure of population differentiation due to genetic structure. It is frequently estimated from genetic polymorphism data, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) or microsatellites. Developed as a special case of Wright's F-statistics, it is one of the most commonly used statistics in population genetics.
Mark and recapture. Mark and recapture is a method commonly used in ecology to estimate an animal population 's size where it is impractical to count every individual. [1] A portion of the population is captured, marked, and released. Later, another portion will be captured and the number of marked individuals within the sample is counted.
Occupancy–abundance relationship. In ecology, the occupancy–abundance ( O–A) relationship is the relationship between the abundance of species and the size of their ranges within a region. This relationship is perhaps one of the most well-documented relationships in macroecology, and applies both intra- and interspecifically (within and ...
The Lotka–Volterra equations, also known as the Lotka–Volterra predator–prey model, are a pair of first-order nonlinear [disambiguation needed] differential equations, frequently used to describe the dynamics of biological systems in which two species interact, one as a predator and the other as prey. The populations change through time ...
Population dynamics has traditionally been the dominant branch of mathematical biology, which has a history of more than 220 years, [1] although over the last century the scope of mathematical biology has greatly expanded. [citation needed] The beginning of population dynamics is widely regarded as the work of Malthus, formulated as the ...
Small population size. Small populations can behave differently from larger populations. They are often the result of population bottlenecks from larger populations, leading to loss of heterozygosity and reduced genetic diversity and loss or fixation of alleles and shifts in allele frequencies. [1] A small population is then more susceptible to ...