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  2. Panchatantra - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panchatantra

    Panchatantra: Smart, The Jackal Book 1: The Loss of Friends Translator: Arthur William Ryder The Panchatantra is a series of inter-woven fables, many of which deploy metaphors of anthropomorphized animals with human virtues and vices. Its narrative illustrates, for the benefit of three ignorant princes, the central Hindu principles of nīti. While nīti is hard to translate, it roughly means ...

  3. Aranyaka - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aranyaka

    The Aranyakas ( / ɑːˈrʌnjəkəz /; Sanskrit: आरण्यक; IAST: āraṇyaka) are a part of the ancient Indian Vedas concerned with the meaning of ritual sacrifice. [1] They typically represent the later sections of the Vedas, and are one of many layers of Vedic texts. [2] The other parts of the Vedas are the Samhitas (benedictions ...

  4. Tarka Shastra - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarka_Shastra

    The meaning of the word tarka also is specific, in that it does not imply a pure logical analysis but a complex activity of discourse guided by strict definitions and goals. Tarka-Sangraha is a foundational text followed as guidelines for logic and discourse ever since it was composed in the second half of 17th century CE.

  5. Hindi literature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi_literature

    Urdu. v. t. e. Hindi literature ( Hindi: हिन्दी साहित्य, hindī sāhitya) includes literature in the various Hindi languages which have different writing systems. Earliest forms of Hindi literature are attested in poetry of Apabhraṃśa like Awadhi, and Marwari languages. Hindi literature is composed in three broad ...

  6. Nirukta - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirukta

    Nirukta ( Sanskrit: निरुक्त, IPA: [n̪iɾuktɐ], "explained, interpreted") is one of the six ancient Vedangas, or ancillary science connected with the Vedas – the scriptures of Hinduism. [1] [2] [3] Nirukta covers etymology, and is the study concerned with correct interpretation of Sanskrit words in the Vedas. [3]

  7. Hinglish - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinglish

    Hinglish is the macaronic hybrid use of South Asian English and the Hindustani language. Its name is a portmanteau of the words Hindi and English. In the context of spoken language, it involves code-switching or translanguaging between these languages whereby they are freely interchanged within a sentence or between sentences.

  8. Hindi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi

    Modern Standard Hindi, ( आधुनिक मानक हिन्दी, Ādhunik Mānak Hindī) [14] commonly referred to as Hindi, is the standardised variety of the Hindustani language used as the official language of India alongside English. It is written in Devanagari script and is the lingua franca of North India.

  9. Rashmirathi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashmirathi

    Rashmirathi. Rashmirathi ( Rashmi: Ray of light Rathi: One who rides a chariot (not the charioteer) Rashmirathi: Rider of the chariot of light) is a Hindi epic written in 1952, by the Hindi poet Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar'. [1] The epic poem narrates the story of Karna, who is regarded as one of main protagonists of the Hindu epic- Mahabharata.