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  2. sudo - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudo

    The current Linux manual pages for su define it as "substitute user", making the correct meaning of sudo "substitute user, do", because sudo can run a command as other users as well. [10] [11] Unlike the similar command su , users must, by default, supply their own password for authentication, rather than the password of the target user.

  3. Comparison of command shells - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_command_shells

    JP Software command-line processors provide user-configurable colorization of file and directory names in directory listings based on their file extension and/or attributes through an optionally defined %COLORDIR% environment variable. For the Unix/Linux shells, this is a feature of the ls command and the terminal.

  4. passwd - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passwd

    passwd is a command on Unix, Plan 9, Inferno, and most Unix-like operating systems used to change a user's password. The password entered by the user is run through a key derivation function to create a hashed version of the new password, which is saved. Only the hashed version is stored; the entered password is not saved for security reasons.

  5. Basic access authentication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_access_authentication

    In the context of an HTTP transaction, basic access authentication is a method for an HTTP user agent (e.g. a web browser) to provide a user name and password when making a request. In basic HTTP authentication, a request contains a header field in the form of Authorization: Basic <credentials>, where <credentials> is the Base64 encoding of ID ...

  6. User space and kernel space - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_space_and_kernel_space

    The term user space (or userland) refers to all code that runs outside the operating system's kernel. User space usually refers to the various programs and libraries that the operating system uses to interact with the kernel: software that performs input/output , manipulates file system objects, application software , etc.

  7. User identifier - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_identifier

    User identifier. Unix-like operating systems identify a user by a value called a user identifier, often abbreviated to user ID or UID. The UID, along with the group identifier (GID) and other access control criteria, is used to determine which system resources a user can access. The password file maps textual user names to UIDs.

  8. setuid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setuid

    setuid. The Unix and Linux access rights flags setuid and setgid (short for set user identity and set group identity) [1] allow users to run an executable with the file system permissions of the executable's owner or group respectively and to change behaviour in directories. They are often used to allow users on a computer system to run ...

  9. Superuser - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superuser

    Superuser. In computing, the superuser is a special user account used for system administration. Depending on the operating system (OS), the actual name of this account might be root, administrator, admin or supervisor. In some cases, the actual name of the account is not the determining factor; on Unix-like systems, for example, the user with ...