Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Jim Cummins (professor) James Cummins (July 3, 1949- ) is a professor at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto where he works on language development and literacy development of learners of English as an additional language. In 1979 Cummins coined the acronyms BICS and CALP to refer to processes that help a ...
The main purpose of theories of second-language acquisition (SLA) is to shed light on how people who already know one language learn a second language. The field of second-language acquisition involves various contributions, such as linguistics, sociolinguistics, psychology, cognitive science, neuroscience, and education.
Threshold hypothesis. The threshold hypothesis is a hypothesis concerning second language acquisition set forth in a study by Cummins (1976), [1] which stated that a minimum threshold in language proficiency must be passed before a second-language speaker can reap any benefits from language. It also states that, in order to gain proficiency in ...
Critical period hypothesis. The critical period hypothesis [1] is a theory within the field of linguistics and second language acquisition that claims a person can only achieve native-like fluency [2] in a language before a certain age. It is the subject of a long-standing debate in linguistics [3] and language acquisition over the extent to ...
One theory of language acquisition is the comprehensible output hypothesis. Developed by Merrill Swain, the comprehensible output (CO) hypothesis states that learning takes place when learners encounter a gap in their linguistic knowledge of the second language (L2). By noticing this gap, learners becomes aware of it and may be able to modify ...
e. Language acquisition is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language. In other words, it is how human beings gain the ability to be aware of language, to understand it, and to produce and use words and sentences to communicate. Language acquisition involves structures, rules, and representation.
Cognitive academic language proficiency ( CALP) is a language-related term developed by Jim Cummins which refers to formal academic learning, as opposed to BICS. [1] In schools today, the terms BICS and CALP are most frequently used to discuss the language proficiency levels of students who are in the process of acquiring a new language.
Linguistics. Second-language acquisition ( SLA ), sometimes called second-language learning —otherwise referred to as L2 ( language 2) acquisition, is the process by which people learn a second language. Second-language acquisition is also the scientific discipline devoted to studying that process.