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МММ was a Russian company that perpetrated one of the world's largest Ponzi schemes of all time. By different estimates from 5 to 40 million people lost up to $10 billion. The company started attracting money from private investors, promising annual returns of up to 1,000%.
BurnLounge (shut down as pyramid scheme by FTC in 2012) Equinox International (dissolved in 2001) European Grouping of Marketing Professionals /CEDIPAC SA (dissolved in 1995) European Home Retail (dissolved in 2007) Fortune Hi-Tech Marketing (dissolved in 2013)
Pyramid scheme. The unsustainable exponential progression of a classic pyramid scheme in which every member is required to recruit six new people. To sustain the scheme, the 2.2 billion people in the 12th layer would be required to recruit 13.1 billion more people for the 13th layer, even though there are not nearly enough people in the world ...
Many pyramid schemes and MLM schemes emphasize the importance of recruiting new participants. Programs that emphasize recruiting participants, and paying a fee, to join the program are likely ...
Multi-level marketing (MLM), also called network marketing [1] or pyramid selling, [2] [3] [4] is a controversial [4] and sometimes illegal marketing strategy for the sale of products or services in which the revenue of the MLM company is derived from a non-salaried workforce selling the company's products or services, while the earnings of the participants are derived from a pyramid-shaped or ...
A Ponzi scheme claims to rely on some esoteric investment approach, and often attracts well-to-do investors, whereas pyramid schemes explicitly claim that new money will be the source of payout for the initial investments. [2] A pyramid scheme typically collapses much faster because it requires exponential increases in participants to sustain it.
MMM was established in 1989 by Sergei Mavrodi, [2] his brother Vyacheslav Mavrodi, and Olga Melnikova. The name of the company was taken from the first letters of the three founders' surnames. Initially, Mavrodi operated a network of computer-importing cooperatives. [6] In January 1992, tax police accused MMM of tax evasion, leading to the ...
Mantria Corporation Ponzi scheme. Matrix scheme. John McNamara (fraudster) J. Ezra Merkin. Barry Minkow. Mirror Trading International. MMM (Ponzi scheme company) MMM Global. Multitel.