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  2. Random password generator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_password_generator

    A random password generator is a software program or hardware device that takes input from a random or pseudo-random number generator and automatically generates a password. Random passwords can be generated manually, using simple sources of randomness such as dice or coins, or they can be generated using a computer.

  3. List of the most common passwords - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_most_common...

    The Worst Passwords List is an annual list of the 25 most common passwords from each year as produced by internet security firm SplashData. [4] Since 2011, the firm has published the list based on data examined from millions of passwords leaked in data breaches, mostly in North America and Western Europe, over each year.

  4. Microsoft Office password protection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Office_password...

    In Excel and Word 95 and prior editions a weak protection algorithm is used that converts a password to a 16-bit verifier and a 16-byte XOR obfuscation array [1] key. [4] Hacking software is now readily available to find a 16-byte key and decrypt the password-protected document. [5] Office 97, 2000, XP and 2003 use RC4 with 40 bits. [4]

  5. Microsoft Excel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Excel

    Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet editor developed by Microsoft for Windows, macOS, Android, iOS and iPadOS. It features calculation or computation capabilities, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language called Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). Excel forms part of the Microsoft 365 suite of software.

  6. List of file signatures - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_signatures

    List of file signatures. This is a list of file signatures, data used to identify or verify the content of a file. Such signatures are also known as magic numbers or Magic Bytes. Many file formats are not intended to be read as text. If such a file is accidentally viewed as a text file, its contents will be unintelligible.

  7. Time-based one-time password - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-based_One-Time_Password

    Time-based one-time password (TOTP) is a computer algorithm that generates a one-time password (OTP) using the current time as a source of uniqueness. As an extension of the HMAC-based one-time password algorithm (HOTP), it has been adopted as Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard RFC 6238 .

  8. Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographically_secure...

    In the asymptotic setting, a family of deterministic polynomial time computable functions : {,} {,} for some polynomial p, is a pseudorandom number generator (PRNG, or PRG in some references), if it stretches the length of its input (() > for any k), and if its output is computationally indistinguishable from true randomness, i.e. for any probabilistic polynomial time algorithm A, which ...

  9. Rainbow table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_table

    Rainbow table. A rainbow table is a precomputed table for caching the outputs of a cryptographic hash function, usually for cracking password hashes. Passwords are typically stored not in plain text form, but as hash values. If such a database of hashed passwords falls into the hands of attackers, they can use a precomputed rainbow table to ...

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