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Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. [1] Coal is a type of fossil fuel, formed when dead plant matter decays into peat and is converted into coal by the heat and pressure of deep burial over millions of years. [2]
Anthracite, also known as hard coal and black coal, is a hard, compact variety of coal that has a submetallic lustre. It has the highest carbon content, the fewest impurities, and the highest energy density of all types of coal and is the highest ranking of coals. The Coal Region of Northeastern Pennsylvania in the United States has the largest ...
Coal oil is a shale oil obtained from the destructive distillation of cannel coal, mineral wax, or bituminous shale, once used widely for illumination. [1] Chemically similar to the more refined, petroleum -derived kerosene, it consists mainly of several hydrocarbons of the alkane series, with 10 to 16 carbon atoms in each molecule, with a ...
Fossil fuel. A fossil fuel [a] is a hydrocarbon -containing material such as coal, oil, and natural gas, [2] formed naturally in the Earth's crust from the remains of dead plants and animals that is extracted and burned as a fuel. Fossil fuels may be burned to provide heat for use directly (such as for cooking or heating), to power engines ...
Bituminous coal. Bituminous coal. Bituminous coal, or black coal, is a type of coal containing a tar -like substance called bitumen or asphalt. Its coloration can be black or sometimes dark brown; often there are well-defined bands of bright and dull material within the seams. [citation needed] It is typically hard but friable.
Coal gas. Coal gas is a flammable gaseous fuel made from coal and supplied to the user via a piped distribution system. It is produced when coal is heated strongly in the absence of air. Town gas is a more general term referring to manufactured gaseous fuels produced for sale to consumers and municipalities. [1]
Coal power generation in 2011 by state. Coal generated about 19.5% of the electricity at utility-scale facilities in the United States in 2022, down from 38.6% in 2014 [2] and 51% in 2001. [3] In 2021, coal supplied 9.5 quadrillion British thermal units (2,800 TWh) of primary energy to electric power plants, [4] which made up 90% of coal's ...
Carbon is a constituent (about 12% by mass) of the very large masses of carbonate rock ( limestone, dolomite, marble, and others). Coal is very rich in carbon ( anthracite contains 92–98%) [65] and is the largest commercial source of mineral carbon, accounting for 4,000 gigatonnes or 80% of fossil fuel. [66]
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