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List of Panchatantra Stories. The Panchatantra is an ancient Sanskrit collection of stories, probably first composed around 300 CE (give or take a century or two), [1] though some of its component stories may be much older. The original text is not extant, but the work has been widely revised and translated such that there exist "over 200 ...
Panchatantra: Smart, The Jackal Book 1: The Loss of Friends Translator: Arthur William Ryder The Panchatantra is a series of inter-woven fables, many of which deploy metaphors of anthropomorphized animals with human virtues and vices. Its narrative illustrates, for the benefit of three ignorant princes, the central Hindu principles of nīti. While nīti is hard to translate, it roughly means ...
Based on analysis of various Indian recensions and the geographical features and animals described in the stories, Kashmir [7] is suggested to be his birthplace by various scholars. He has also been associated with the University of Taxila. [8] The prelude narrates the story of how Vishnu Sharma supposedly created the Panchatantra.
Hitopadesha (Sanskrit: हितोपदेशः, IAST: Hitopadeśa, "Beneficial Advice") is an Indian text in the Sanskrit language consisting of fables with both animal and human characters. It incorporates maxims, worldly wisdom and advice on political affairs in simple, elegant language, [2]: ix–xiv and the work has been widely translated.
The two other major recensions in Sanskrit are those by Śivadāsa and Jambhaladatta. The Vetala stories are popular in India and have been translated into many Indian vernaculars. [4] Several English translations exist, based on Sanskrit recensions and on Hindi, Tamil, Bengali, and Marathi versions. [5]
The stories and their order in Tantrakhyayika within Book 10 are consistent with the tales and arrangement of the Kalila wa Demna more than even the Panchatantra, and it would appear therefore that we have in the Kathasaritsagara an earlier representative of the original collection than even the Panchatantra, at least as it is now met with.
Pancharatra has likely roots in 3rd-century BCE, as a religious movement around the ideas of a sage Narayana, who much later becomes identified as an avatar of Vishnu. [2][1] The earliest use of the word Pancharatra is found in section 7.1.10 of the Taittiriya Samhita, a Vedic text. [13] The section describes a person going through a ...
One of the earliest Sanskrit literatures to identify Chanakya with Vishnugupta explicitly was the Panchatantra. [22] [need quotation to verify] K. C. Ojha proposes that the traditional identification of Vishnugupta with Kauṭilya was caused by a confusion of the text's editor and its originator.