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The evo-devo gene toolkit is the small subset of genes in an organism's genome whose products control the organism's embryonic development. Toolkit genes are central to the synthesis of molecular genetics , palaeontology , evolution and developmental biology in the science of evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo).
A gene (or genetic) regulatory network (GRN) is a collection of molecular regulators that interact with each other and with other substances in the cell to govern the gene expression levels of mRNA and proteins which, in turn, determine the function of the cell. GRN also play a central role in morphogenesis, the creation of body structures ...
Gene nomenclature is the scientific naming of genes, the units of heredity in living organisms. It is also closely associated with protein nomenclature, as genes and the proteins they code for usually have similar nomenclature. An international committee published recommendations for genetic symbols and nomenclature in 1957. [1]
CRISPR gene editing (CRISPR, pronounced / ˈkrɪspər / "crisper", refers to " c lustered r egularly i nterspaced s hort p alindromic r epeats") is a genetic engineering technique in molecular biology by which the genomes of living organisms may be modified.
Regulation of gene expression, or gene regulation, [1] includes a wide range of mechanisms that are used by cells to increase or decrease the production of specific gene products (protein or RNA). Sophisticated programs of gene expression are widely observed in biology, for example to trigger developmental pathways, respond to environmental ...
Gene delivery is the process of introducing foreign genetic material, such as DNA or RNA, into host cells. [1] Gene delivery must reach the genome of the host cell to induce gene expression. [2] Successful gene delivery requires the foreign gene delivery to remain stable within the host cell and can either integrate into the genome or replicate ...
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) refers to the transfer of genes between distant branches on the tree of life. In evolution, it can scramble the information needed to reconstruct the phylogeny of organisms, how they are related to one another. HGT can also help scientists to reconstruct and date the tree of life, as a gene transfer can be used as ...
Artificial gene synthesis. Artificial gene synthesis, or simply gene synthesis, refers to a group of methods that are used in synthetic biology to construct and assemble genes from nucleotides de novo. Unlike DNA synthesis in living cells, artificial gene synthesis does not require template DNA, allowing virtually any DNA sequence to be ...