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A lesson learned from ARPANET, the predecessor of the Internet, was that protocols need a framework to operate.It is therefore important to develop a general-purpose, future-proof framework suitable for structured protocols (such as layered protocols) and their standardization.
Communication is commonly defined as the transmission of information. Its precise definition is disputed and there are disagreements about whether unintentional or failed transmissions are included and whether communication not only transmits meaning but also creates it.
v. t. e. A telecommunications network is a group of nodes interconnected by telecommunications links that are used to exchange messages between the nodes. The links may use a variety of technologies based on the methodologies of circuit switching, message switching, or packet switching, to pass messages and signals.
Use. Computer networks extend interpersonal communications by electronic means with various technologies, such as email, instant messaging, online chat, voice and video telephone calls, and video conferencing. A network allows sharing of network and computing resources.
Network topology is the topological [4] structure of a network and may be depicted physically or logically. It is an application of graph theory [3] wherein communicating devices are modeled as nodes and the connections between the devices are modeled as links or lines between the nodes. Physical topology is the placement of the various ...
Carrier-to-noise density ratio. In satellite communications, carrier-to-noise-density ratio ( C/N0) is the ratio of the carrier power C to the noise power density N0, expressed in dB-Hz . When considering only the receiver as a source of noise, it is called carrier-to-receiver-noise-density ratio . It determines whether a receiver can lock on ...
The history of the Internet has its origin in the efforts of scientists and engineers to build and interconnect computer networks. The Internet Protocol Suite, the set of rules used to communicate between networks and devices on the Internet, arose from research and development in the United States and involved international collaboration ...
IP address. An Internet Protocol address ( IP address) is a numerical label such as 192.0.2.1 that is assigned to a device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. [1] [2] IP addresses serve two main functions: network interface identification, and location addressing .