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To calculate the years of potential life lost, the analyst has to set an upper reference age. The reference age should correspond roughly to the life expectancy of the population under study. In the developed world, this is commonly set at age 75, but it is essentially arbitrary.
The residence time of a fluid parcel is the total time that the parcel has spent inside a control volume (e.g.: a chemical reactor, a lake, a human body).The residence time of a set of parcels is quantified in terms of the frequency distribution of the residence time in the set, which is known as residence time distribution (RTD), or in terms of its average, known as mean residence time.
Case fatality rate. In epidemiology, case fatality rate ( CFR) – or sometimes more accurately case-fatality risk – is the proportion of people who have been diagnosed with a certain disease and end up dying of it. Unlike a disease's mortality rate, the CFR does not take into account the time period between disease onset and death.
This means that large age gaps between partners are more common than in opposite-sex relationships. The median age difference is four years for same-sex couples and three years for opposite-sex couples. Nearly 30 percent of the same-sex couples have an age gap of more than seven years.
Life expectancy, more technically called the curtate expected lifetime and denoted , [a] is the mean of —that is to say, the expected number of whole years of life remaining, assuming survival to age . [152] So, (2) Substituting ( 1) into the sum and simplifying gives the final result [153]
The Fick principle states that blood flow to an organ can be calculated using a marker substance if the following information is known: Developed by Adolf Eugen Fick (1829–1901), the Fick principle has been applied to the measurement of cardiac output. Its underlying principles may also be applied in a variety of clinical situations.
The species–area relationship or species–area curve describes the relationship between the area of a habitat, or of part of a habitat, and the number of species found within that area. Larger areas tend to contain larger numbers of species, and empirically, the relative numbers seem to follow systematic mathematical relationships. [1]
Moderation (statistics) In statistics and regression analysis, moderation (also known as effect modification) occurs when the relationship between two variables depends on a third variable. The third variable is referred to as the moderator variable (or effect modifier) or simply the moderator (or modifier ). [1] [2] The effect of a moderating ...